Unit 4 Flashcards by Karlos Gemanil

An internal alarm system, the body’s response to a real or perceived threat

Stress

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Stress is a combination of a (1) __________ and a (2) __________

stressor

stress response

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Positive stress

Can help you achieve your goals

Research suggest that acceptable levels of stress may even help you to focus and concentrate better

Eustress

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Negative stress

Can result when there is too much pressure or trauma and you are unable to cope with it

Distress

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4 Categories of Stressors:

Environmental Stressors
Cognitive/Thinking Stressors
Personal Behavior Stressors
Life Situation Stressors

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Poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters

Environmental Stressors

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How a person perceives a situation (e.g. exams, problems)

Cognitive/Thinking Stressors

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Negative reactions in the body and mind caused by using drugs or not exercising

Personal Behavior Stressors

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Having a relative or pet die, parents who separate or divorce

Life Situation Stressors

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Pioneer of General Adaptation Syndrome

Hans Selye

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The Body’s Response to Stress happens in three stages and can occur whether the stress is physical or emotional, positive or negative:

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion/Fatigue

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Refers to moderate, short lived stress responses, such as brief increases in heart rate

Positive Stress

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Refers to stress responses that could disrupt brain architecture, but generally occur within a time limited period

Tolerable Stress

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Refers to strong and prolonged activation of the body’s stress management systems in the absence of the buffering protection of adult support, disrupts brain architecture and leads to stress management systems

Toxic Stress

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Personality is another factor in how you handle stress

Stress and Personality Types

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Pioneers of Type A and B Stress and Personality Types

Meyer Friedman
Ray Rosenman

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The __________ personality is described as a competitive, high achieving personality type most likely to develop heart disease or other significant health problems

Type A

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The __________ personality is seen as a “laid back”, non-competitive personality type less likely to suffer from heart disease

Type B

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Pioneers of Type C Stress and Personality Types

Lydia Temoshok
Henry Dreher

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__________ people tend to be very pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones

Type C

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Pioneer of Type D Stress and Personality Types

Johan Denollet

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__________ people have the tendency to experience increased negative emotions across time and situations and tend not to share these emotions with others, because of fear of rejection or disapproval

Type D

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__________

Fear
- Thinking that courses in the university are highly difficult and thus, easy to fail
- Anxiety and doubts can be powerful sources of stress which can further aggravate one’s state

Affective

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Most Frequent in Affective:

Fear and Anxiety

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Negative responses (smoking, doing drugs, social withdrawal, over and under eating, an escape or avoidance) Positive behaviors or resolve it (exercise, singing, studying) Physiological stress responses

Behavioral

Is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body It is based on the prediction that an individual’s psychological state can influence their immune system via the nervous system This perspective provides a scientific basis for the ‘mind over matter’, ‘think yourself well’ and ‘positive thinking, positive health’ approaches to life

Psychoneuroimmunology

Ang tensyon (stress) ay isang emosyonal at pisikal na reaksyon sa pagbabago

Definition of Stress in Filipino

Filipinos are very aware of the opinions of others and what people think of them

Hiya

Exposure to stressful life events or social environments Negative physical and psychological outcomes Physical illness and lower mental health

Social Stress

Debt of gratitude Can cause stress as it refuses unconditional positive regard

Utang na Loob

The pressure to conform causes stress (Zhang, Deng, Yu, Zhao, and Liu, 2016)

Pakikisama

Filipinos are sensitive to attacks on their own self-esteem and dignity

Karangalan

Lack of justice causes stress

Katarungan

Absence of “Freedom and Mobility” causes stress

Kalayaan

“God will take care of things.” Improvisatory skills of Filipinos

Bahala Na

Courage in the face of difficulties and uncertainties

Lakas ng Loob

Recognizing one’s convictions Resistance or current clashes

Pakikibaka

A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

Mental Health

A diagnosable illness that affects a person's thinking, emotional state, and behavior, and disrupts a person's ability to work and carry out other daily activities and engage in satisfying personal relationships. Some are common, some are not. May cause severe disability.

Mental Illness

__________ An attempt to integrate into the traditional biomedical (the ‘bio’) model of health: __________ and __________

The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness psychological (the ‘psycho’) and environmental (the ‘social’)

Pioneer of The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness

George Engel

The psycho aspects of health and illness were describes in terms of __________, __________ and __________

cognitions, emotions and behaviors

Distorted/Irrational thoughts leading to maladaptive behaviors

Cognitive Distortions

Mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness combined with stressful conditions that play a precipitating or facilitating role

Diathesis-Stress Model

Predisposing Factors:

Genetics Biological Factor Childhood Experiences

Family history of a psychological disorder; related to defective genes

Genetics

Such as oxygen deprivation at birth or poor nutrition during early childhood

Biological Factor

Isolation, loneliness or shyness that creates a distorted view of the world

Childhood Experiences

Precipitating Factor:

Stresses

Minor daily stresses (internal or external), life events (family death, starting school), short-term factors (school assignment), long-term stress (chronic pain/illness)

Stresses

__________ is a common but serious mood disorder that negatively affects an individual's behavior, emotions, thoughts, bodily functions, and interpersonal relationships. It is described as a feeling of intense sadness and may include loss of interest in activities a person usually enjoys. It can lead to a variety of problems and difficulties in daily living, including academics. Loss of Symbolic

Depression

Introjection

Aggression

Restlessness, feeling keyed up or on edge. Being easily fatigued. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank. Irritability. Muscle tension. Sleep disturbance

Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

administers objective and structured personality tests; conducts preparatory intake interviews of clients for psychological intervention sessions.

Psychometricians

Focus is on clients potential and resolution of problems; common in education and career setting

Guidance Counselors

Focus is on signs, symptoms and complaints of clients; serves as case managers in clinical setting

Psychiatric Nurses

Focus is on the process of integration of clients in the community

Social Worker

Focus is on resumption of activities of daily living: integration with community by honing occupational skills

Occupational Therapists

Focus is on everyday life concerns that are not clinical in nature, can be specific to certain contexts such as business, executive, academic and sports science.

Life Coach

__________ is defined as the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful

Coping

Coping varies greatly:

Coping strategies Coping styles

__________ involves attempts to do something constructive about the stressful conditions that are harming, threatening, or challenging an individual.

Problem-focused coping

__________ involves efforts to regulate emotions experienced due to the stressful event.

Emotion-focused coping

Propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way

Coping Styles

__________ is characterized by wanting to address the problem, get it out in the open and deal with it

Approach (confrontative, vigilant)

__________ The __________ - where removing the stressor and avoiding it in the future is preferred

Avoidant (minimizing) reverse

The science of maintaining mental health and preventing the development of psychosis, neurosis, or other mental disorders.

Mental Hygiene

practices to surround the individual with environmental influences that will enable to develop his/her full potentialities, to obtain emotional stability and to achieve personal and social adequacy

The Preventive Approach

attempt to correct minor behavioral adjustments through counseling and psychotherapy.

The Therapeutic Approach

concerned with detection and correction of serious but curative behavioral maladjustments.

The Curative Approach

"the practice of activities that a mature person initiates and performs, within a time frame, to promote and maintain personal well-being, healthy functioning, and continuing development throughout life"

Self-Care

Self-Care is __________

Self-Compassion

“The process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant source of stress.”

Resilience

Resilience came from the Latin verb __________, means literally the tendency or ability to spring back, and thus the ability of a body to recover its normal size and shape after being pushed or pulled out of shape, and therefore figuratively any ability to recover to normality after a disturbance (K. Wolter et al. 2012)

resilire (re-salire: to jump back)

“Resilience is not a __________ that people either have or do not have. It involves behaviors, thoughts and actions that can be learned and developed in anyone.”

Trait

“Resilience is a stable trajectory of health functioning after a highly adverse event.”

Outcome

Determinants of Resiliency:

Biological Psychological Socio-cultural

Dimensions of Resilience:

Vision Composure Reasoning Health Tenacity Collaboration

Accepting that we may not be able to change the situation, but that we can change the way we perceive it “What hurts us the most heals us, only if we start to accept it.” (Rev. Fr. Rolando Dela Rosa, OP)

Acceptance

Family, friends, romantic relationships that are characterized by love and trust

Caring and Supportive Relationships

Understanding who you are The real you behind all the labels “The things that we love tell us what we are.” (St. Thomas Aquinas)

Self-Awareness

Resourcefulness in the face of adversity; ability to employ various coping mechanisms in different situations

Creativity and Flexibility

Positive environments that promote self-expression, supportive communities, and safe spaces

Safe and Positive Space

Believing that the world is manageable and meaningful; combining strengths and values

Sense of Coherence

Ability to manage and control emotions

Emotion Regulation Skills

__________ contributes to well-being

Spirituality