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Anatomy and ph > UNit 4 > Flashcards

UNit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue is the

A

lining

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue functions include

A

Protection Absorbtion Filtration Secrestion

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3
Q

The top of epithelial tissue is called

A

Free surface or Apical

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4
Q

The bottom of epithelial tissue is called

A

Basal Surface

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5
Q

The membrane underneath the basal surface in epithelial tissue is called

A

the basement membrane

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6
Q

what does avascular meane

A

no blood vessels

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7
Q

What are epithelial tissues classified by

A

layers and shapes

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8
Q

Simple epithelial

A

only one layer of cells

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9
Q

stratified epithelial tissue

A

More than one layer of cells

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium:

A

This Is a single, flat layer of cells that Is thin
and permeable.

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium:

A

Function: rapid diffusion of materials

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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelium:

A

Found in blood vessels & lung tissues

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13
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium:

A

*This is a single layer of cube-shaped cells.

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14
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium:

A

> Function: Secretion & absorption of
substances

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15
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium:

A
  • Found in the tissues of the kidney
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16
Q

Stratified squamous
epithelium:

A

These thick layers provide protection for th
underlying layers

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17
Q

Stratified squamous
epithelium:

A

Found in the epidermal layer of the skin

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18
Q

Stratified cuboidal
epithelium:

A

More than one layer of cuboidal cells

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19
Q

Stratified cuboidal
epithelium:

A

Found In Salivary & mammary gianas

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20
Q

Stratified columnar
epithelium:

A

Free surface is lined with columnar cells

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21
Q

Stratified columnar
epithelium:

A

FOUN Ih YOUF laf yYNxA dana the Male uretiiida

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22
Q

pseudo-stratified epithelium

A

cell nuclei are found at diffrent levels, so It appears
stratified. though it is not.

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23
Q

pseudo-stratified epithelium

A

Function: Secretion & Absorption

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24
Q

pseudo-stratified epithelium

A

Found In most of the upper respiratory
tract

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25
Q

transitional epithelium

A

changing shape with elasticity found in the bladder

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26
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Has Duct

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27
Q

Endocrine gland

A

ductless secrets hormones

28
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Cell excretes product via exocytosis
Sweat glands

29
Q

Apocrine gland

A

A portion of the cell pinches off with the secreted product
Mammary glands

30
Q

Holocrine Gland

A

Cells rupture and spill products
oil glands

31
Q

Endocrine glands are

A

thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas

32
Q

Connective tissues types

A

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

33
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue

A

support bind insulation protect transport

34
Q

Loose Connective tissue

A

Areolar Adipose Reticular

35
Q

Dense

A

Regular Irregular Elastic

36
Q

Areolar

A

Mostly open space

Holds water and salts
for surrounding tissues

Found under epithelium
and around organs

37
Q

Adipose

A

Comprised of fat cells (adipocytes)

Have large vacuoles the contain fat/oil

Insulates and warms the body

Provides nutrients to other cells

38
Q

Reticular

A

Contains reticular
fibers, which create a
stiff framework that
support other cell

39
Q

Regular

A

Collagen fibers are
arranged in one
direction

Provides “tensile
strength” like a rope
Found in tendons &
ligaments

40
Q

Irregular

A

Collagen fibers are
arranged in many
directions

Provides strength in
multiple directions
Found in capsules
around organs __

41
Q

Elastic

A

Provides flexible
cushioning

Found between
vertebrae and in arteries

42
Q

Cartilage *doesn’t have nerves or blood
vessels!

A
  • Hyaline
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic
43
Q

Hyaline

A

Glassy looking

Firm ground substance with lacuna (spaces for cells)

Few collagen fibers

Found in larynx, bridge of nose, and ribs

44
Q

Fibro-cartilage

A

Contains lots of collagen, mostly running parallel.
Found in intervertebral spaces

45
Q

Elastic

A

Highly flexible
More elastic fibers
Found in outer ear and tip of nose

46
Q

Osteocytes

A

secrete ground substances, fibers, collagen, and fluids.
spongy and compact

47
Q

Mast Cells

A

Detect foreign
substances

Contain granules that
secrete inflammatory
chemicals

48
Q

Macrophages

A

Blob-like cells that
engulf invading
substances or
organisms

49
Q

blood Cells

A

Red Blood Cells-
erythrocytes (carry oxygen
White Blood Cells-
leukocytes (provide
immune response)

50
Q

Skin

A

cutaneous membrane

51
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Basement membrane between epidermis and dermis

52
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer
Thicker of the 2 layers of the skin
Connective tissue
Contains collagenous and elastic fibers

53
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, rests on the basement membrane

Lacks blood vessels

The deepest layer, stratum basale, nourished by blood vessels in the dermis

As cells grow, they migrate toward the free surface, away from the nutrient supply

As they migrate, older cells, keratinocytes, begin to flatten and die

54
Q

Keratinization

A

Process of hardening, dehydration, and keratin
accumulation that occurs in epidermal cells as they migrate outward

55
Q

Keratin

A

tough, fibrous, waterproof protein made and stored in the cells

56
Q

5 Layers of Epidermis:

A

Sptlratum Corneum OuTEermMost layer, dead, keratinized Cells
Stratum lucidum: only in thick skin — palms, soles
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale/germinativui leepest, mitotic layer

57
Q

Functions of epidermis:

A

Protects against water loss, harmful
chemicals, mechanical injury, pathogens

58
Q

The dermis consists of 2 layers:

A

Papillary layer and Reticular layer

59
Q

Papillary layer

A

Superficial layer
Areolar connective tissue
Thinner of the 2 layers
Location of dermal papillae

60
Q

Reticular layer:

A

Deeper layer

Dense irregular connective
tissue

Thicker of 2 layers

61
Q

3 parts of the nail

A

Nail plate
Nail bed:
Lunula:

62
Q

3 parts of hair:

A

Hair Bulb |
Hair root
Hair shaft

63
Q

body temp

A

98.6 and 37

64
Q

Methods of heat loss

A

Radiation: Primary method, infrared heat rays escape
Conduction: Heat moves from skin to cooler objects
Convection: Heat loss into circulating air currents
Evaporation: Sweat changes into a gas, carries heat away

65
Q

Hyperthermia:

A

abnormally high body temperature

66
Q

Hypothermia

A

abnormally low body temperature

Anatomy and ph (1 decks)

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