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Neuroanatomy 2 - PNS > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

0
Q

There are at least two neurons, which interpose between the central to somatic effectors. True/False

A

False - visceral effectors

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1
Q

The splanchnic component of the autonomic nervous system innervates all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. viscera
b. glands
c. blood vessels
d. striated muscle.

A

D. Striated muscle

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2
Q

Axons of the primary neurons of the autonomic nervous system are usually unmyelinated and pass to the peripheral ganglia. True/False

A

False - myelinated

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3
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons is lesser in the parasympathetic system than in the sympathetic system. True/False

A

True
Parasympathetic - 1:15-20
Sympathetic - 1:196

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4
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system is 1:____________.

A

1:15-20

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5
Q

Which of the following has the largest disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

a. Somatic efferent nervous system
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Branchial efferent nervous system

A

B. Sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

The visceral afferent paths resemble somatic efferent paths.

True/False

A

False - somatic afferent

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7
Q

The parasympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers emerge through all of the following, EXCEPT

a. oculomotor nerve
b. trigeminal nerve
c. vagus
d. first sacral nerve.

A

B. Trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers appear through all thoracic and first, second and/or third lumbar spinal nerves, which is known as ____ out flow.

A

Thoracolumbar

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9
Q

What nerves are included in the sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers out flow?

A

T1-L2 or L3

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10
Q

The enteric nervous system contains all of the following reflex path ways, EXCEPT;

a. striated muscular contraction
b. digestive enzyme secretion
c. peristalsis reflex
d. blood flow

A

a. striated muscular contraction

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11
Q

All of the following carries myelinated preganglionic parasympathetic axons, EXCEPT;

a. facial nerve
b. accessory cranial nerve
c. third sacral spinal nerve
d. trigeminal nerve

A

D. Trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

All of the following are peripheral ganglia of the cranial part of the parasympathetic system, EXCEPT;

a. otic ganglion
b. genicular ganglion
c. submandibular ganglion
d. ciliary ganglion.

A

B. Genicular ganglion

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13
Q

Name the nerve, which carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the constrictor pupillae.

A

Short ciliary nerve of the ciliary ganglion

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14
Q

Name the nerve, which carries facial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial trunk.

A

Chorda tympani

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15
Q

Name two branches of the facial nerve, which carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

A

Chorda tympani

Greater petrosal nerve

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16
Q

Which of the following nerves mainly carries the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial nerve trunk to the lacrimal gland?

a. Posterior auricular nerve
b. Chorda tympani
c. Greater petrosal nerve
d. Nerve to the stapedius

A

C. Greater petrosal nerve

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17
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

A

Tympanic nerve

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18
Q

Which of the following ganglia is not a peripheral ganglion for the cranial parasympathetic nerve?

a. Genicular ganglion
b. Submandibular ganglion
c. Otic ganglion
d. Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

A. Genicular ganglion

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19
Q

The pulmonary branch of the vagus is bronchiodilator. True/False

A

False

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20
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerves supply vasodilator fibers to all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. corpora cavernosa
b. corpus spongiosum
c. glans of the penis
d. prepuce

A

D. Prepuce

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21
Q

Name the branch of the facial nerve, which carries the preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to control small glands in the nasal cavity, palates, and nasal sinuses above the oral cavity.

A

Greater petrosal nerve

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22
Q

Name the branch of the facial nerve, which carries the preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to control the salivary glands and lingual glands below the oral cavity.

A

Chorda tympani

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23
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which carries the parasympathetic efferent fibers to the parotid gland.

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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24
Q

The disproportion or ratio of the sympathetic nervous system between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is _________.

A

1:196

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25
Q 
The sympathetic system innervates all of the following, EXCEPT
A. Sweat glands.
B. The ciliary body
C. The arrectores pilorum.
D. The constrictor pupillae.
A

D. The constrictor pupillae

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26
Q

Name the spinal cord segments where the somata of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise.

A

T1-L2 or L3

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27
Q

What is the size in diameter of the axons of the white ramus communicant?

A

1.5-4 microns

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28
Q

Name the spinal cord segments of the outflow of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Thoracolumbar region (T1-L1 or L3)

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29
Q

How many white rami communicans arise from the thoracic spinal nerve?

A

11

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30
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass in the ventral spinal root as myelinated fibers. True/False

A

True

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31
Q

To reach a sympathetic ganglion, the preganglionic sympathetic fibers behave as following, EXCEPT;
A. They synapse in the nearest ganglion.
B. They transverse the nearest ganglia to reach the celiac ganglion to synapse.
C. They transverse the nearest ganglia and ascend or descend in the sympathetic chain to reach another ganglion for synapse.
D. They transverse the sympathetic chain ganglia and reach the effecter organs to synapse.

A

D. They transverse the sympathetic chain ganglia and reach the effecter organs to synapse.

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32
Q

The postganglionic sympathetic fibers return to the spinal nerves through the (white/grey) rami communicans.

A

Grey ramus communicans

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33
Q

Most peripheral nerves contain postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. True/False

A

False - sympathetic

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34
Q

Peripheral autonomic activity is integrated at the brainstem which includes all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. limbic system
b. thalamus
c. hypophysis
d. hypothalamus.

A

C. Hypophysis

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35
Q

The internal carotid plexus communicates laterally with all of the following, EXCEPT;

a. pterygopalatine ganglion
b. ciliary ganglion
c. tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
d. abducent nerve.

A

B. Ciliary ganglion

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36
Q

Name the nerve which sends vasomotor rami to the hypophysis cerebri.

A

Branches of the internal carotid plexus

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37
Q

Name the artery on which the right and left sympathetic system connects each other in the cranial cavity.

A

Anterior communicating artery

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38
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the carotid body and pharyngeal plexus.

A

laryngopharyngeal branches of the medial branch of the superior cervical ganglion

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39
Q

The largest sympathetic cardiac nerve arises from the ______ ganglia.

A

middle cervical ganglion or sympathetic trunk

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40
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the otic ganglion and to the genicular ganglion.

A

Middle meningeal plexus from the anterior branch of the superior cervical ganglion

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41
Q

Name the ganglia, which send branches to enclose the vertebral artery.

A

middle and cervicothoracic ganglia

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42
Q

Name the spinal cord segments which send the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck.

A

T1-T5

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43
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which loops the first part of the subclavian artery

A

Ansa subclavia from the middle cervical ganglion

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44
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through the ___ to become lumbar sympathetic trunk.

A

Crus of the diaphragm or behind the medial arcuate ligament

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45
Q 
The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through or posterior to following structures, EXCEPT
a Medial arcuate ligament.
b Right crus of the diaphragm.
c. Lateral arcuate ligament
d. Left crus of the diaphragm.
A

C. Lateral arcuate ligament - subcostal or T12 nerve

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46
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is formed by branches from the T5 to T9 or T10 ganglia. True/False

A

True

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47
Q

Name the thoracic sympathetic ganglia which form the lesser splanchnic nerve.

A

T9 and T10 ganglia

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48
Q

The lowest splanchnic nerve enters the abdominal cavity through the____.

A

Crus of the diaphragm or behind the medial arcuate ligament

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49
Q

How many lumbar sympathetic ganglia are in the human body on each side?

A

four

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50
Q

All of the following are correct description about the lumbar sympathetic ganglia and trunk, EXCEPT

a. Located in the retroperitoneal space.
b. Located anterolateral to the lumbar vertebra.
c. Located along the lateral margin of the psoas major.
d. Superiorly it is posterior to the medial arcuate ligament.

A

C located along the lateral margin of the psoas major

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51
Q

The first lumbar splanchnic nerve joins the following plexuses, EXCEPT

a. Celiac plexus.
b. Intermesenteric plexus.
c. renal plexus.
d. superior hypogastric plexus.

A

D Superior hypogastric plexus

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52
Q

Name the nerve which joins the hypogastric nerve from the lumbar sympathetic chain ganglia.

A

fourth lumbar splanchnic nerve

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53
Q

Name the artery on which the lower lumbar splanchnic nerves form a plexus.

a. Common iliac artery c. External iliac artery
b. Internal iliac artery d. Obturator nerve

A

a. Common iliac artery

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54
Q

The pelvic sympathetic trunk locates medial to the ventral sacral foramina. True/False

A

True

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55
Q

Which of the following is not a correct description of the pelvic sympathetic trunk with its ganglia?
a It sends grey rami communicantes to the sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.
b It lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina.
c It has four or five interconnected ganglia.
d Inferiorly the right and left trunk converge to the ganglion impar.

A

b It lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina

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56
Q

The ganglion impar is the part of the parasympathetic nervous system. True/False

A

False

Sympathetic nervous system

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57
Q

The heart receives the sympathetic fibers from the

a. T1 – T5
b. T10 – L2
c. T9 – T10
d. T8 – L1

A

a. T1 – T5

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58
Q

The segmental sympathetic nerves to the kidney are;

a. T11 – L2
b. T11 – T12
c. T1 – T5
d. T10 – L1

A

d. T10 – L1

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59
Q

Name the two interconnecting ganglionated plexuses in the enteric nervous system.

A

Myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus

Submucous or Meissner’s and Henle’s plexus

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60
Q

The submucous plexus extends from ____ to the ____.

A

stomach to the internal anal sphincter

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61
Q

Which of the following extends from the stomach to the internal anal sphincter in the enteric nervous system?

a. Celiac plexus
b. Intermesenteric plexus
c. Submucous plexus
d. Myenteric plexus

A

c. Submucous plexus

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62
Q

What do the enteric sensory neurons monitor?

A

Intestinal wall tension
Intestinal contents
Interneurons link to monitor neurons to change the activity of the intestine

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63
Q

The range of the visible wavelength are _______.

A

400 to 700 nanometers

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64
Q

The eye can responds to: (4)

A

varying luminance
sensitivity of form
Movement
Distance

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65
Q

The functions or modalities of an eye include: (5)

A 
Sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity
Dark-adapted scoptic vision
Discrimination of form
Discrimination of movement
Color in light-adapted photopic vision
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66
Q

The paired eyes can perform: (3)

A

Panoramic vision
binocular vision
stereoscopic vision

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67
Q

The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ____________ degree.

A

90

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68
Q

Name the mucous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.

A

Conjunctiva

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69
Q

Name the fibrous tissue extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents.

A

Orbital septum

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70
Q

Name the bone(s), which form(s) the superior wall or roof of the orbit.

A

Orbital part of the frontal bone

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

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71
Q 
All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit, EXCEPT
A. ethmoid bone.
B. lacrimal bone.
C. sphenoid bone.
D. palatine bone.
A

D palatine bone

72
Q

Name the feature, which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls.

A

Inferior orbital fissure

73
Q

The apex of the orbit is in the ____________ of __________ bone.

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

74
Q

Name the bones, which form the base of the orbital margin.

A

Frontal
Zygomatic
Maxillary

75
Q

The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ______ and _____.

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

76
Q

Name the transparent structure, which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.

A

bulbar conjunctiva

77
Q

The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ______ and ______.

A

palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae

78
Q

The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and _____.

A

Tarsi and the skin of the eyelids

79
Q

The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ______.

A

tarsi

80
Q

The ciliary glands are located in the margin of the _______.

A

eyelids

81
Q

Name the enzyme, which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid. __________

A

Lysozyme

82
Q

The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by _______.

A

Tendon of the Levator palpebra superioris

83
Q

Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

84
Q

The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball is consisted of the ______ and _____.

A

Sclera

Cornea

85
Q

Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball.

A

Cornea

86
Q

The vascular layer of the eyeball is called as _______.

A

Uvea

87
Q

The vascular layer of the eyeball is consists of the _____, _____ and ____.

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

88
Q

Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. True/False

A

False

Externally

89
Q

The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ______ and posteriorly with ______.

A

iris

choroid

90
Q

The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the _____ anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.

A

cornea

iris and pupil

91
Q

Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetical responses. True/False

A

False

92
Q

Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball. _______________

A

Pigment cell layer of the optic part of the retina

93
Q

Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.

A

Optic disc or optic papilla

Macula lutea

94
Q

The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False

A

False it is the blind spot

95
Q

Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision. ____

A

Fovea centralis of the Macula lutea

96
Q

The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the ___________.

A

Ora serrata

97
Q

Name the main artery that supplies the retina. _______ of __________

A

Central artery of the ophthalmic artery

98
Q

Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina, in sequence.

A 
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
vitreous humor
Retina
99
Q

The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ____.

A

long ciliary nerve of the nasociliary nerve of the ophthalmic nerve

100
Q

Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.

A

vorticose vein of the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

anterior ciliary vein of the muscular veins

101
Q

The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.

A

Zonular fibers aka suspensory ligament of the ciliary body

102
Q

Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction

A

Parasympathetic nerve

103
Q

Name two main arteries that supply the eye

A

Ophthalmic artery of internal carotid artery

Maxillary artery of external carotid

104
Q

The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or ________.

A

Cavernous sinus

Superior ophthalmic vein

105
Q

The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ________.

A

Ptosis or drooping of the superior eyelid

106
Q

The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.

A

Sclera venous sinus

107
Q

Name the innermost layer of the choroid

A

Pigmented epithelium

108
Q

Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

A 
Superior salivatory nucleus
Nervus intermedius of the facial nerve
Genicular ganglion
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to the pterygoid canal
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Ganglionic branch of the maxillary nerve
Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Lacrimal nerve of the ophthalmic nerve
Lacrimal gland
109
Q

Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

A 
Superior cervical ganglion
Internal carotid nerve
Internal carotid plexus
Deep petrosal nerve
Nerve to the pterygoid canal
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Ganglionic branch of the maxillary nerve
Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Lacrimal nerve of the ophthalmic nerve
Lacrimal gland
110
Q

Name the arteries which supply the auricle.

A

Posterior auricular artery of the external carotid

Superficial temporal artery of the external carotid

111
Q

Name the nerve which innervates the cranial surface of the auricle.

A

Upper cranial surface: Posterior branch of the great auricular nerve
Lower cranial surface: lesser occipital nerve (C2 C3)

112
Q

Lymph from the superior half of the cranial surface of the auricle drains into the:

a. superficial parotid lymph nodes.
b. mastoid lymph nodes.
c. superficial cervical lymph nodes.
d. deep cervical lymph nodes.

A

a. superficial parotid lymph nodes.
b. mastoid lymph nodes.
d. deep cervical lymph nodes.

113
Q

Name the gland which produces earwax.

A

Ceruminous glands

114
Q

What is the size in diameter of the tympanic membrane?

A

About 1 cm

115
Q

The tympanic membrane is the partition between the _____ and ____.

A

External Acoustic Meatus

Tympanic cavity of the middle ear

116
Q

Name the shallow central peak of the tympanic membrane.

A

Umbo

117
Q

The tympanic membrane faces to anterior, inferior and laterally. True/False

A

True

118
Q

The superior to the lateral process of the malleus attachment on the tympanic membrane is called ______.

A

Pars flaccid (flaccid part)

119
Q

The remainder of the tympanic membrane besides the pars flaccid is called ______.

A

Pars tensa (tense part)

120
Q

The external surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by:

a. auricular nerve. b. tympanic nerve.
c. chorda tympanic. d. caroticotympanic nerve.

A

A. Auricular nerve of the vagus nerve

121
Q

The internal surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by the

a. auricular nerve.
b. tympanic nerve.
c. chorda tympanic
d. caroticotympanic nerve.

A

B. Tympanic nerve of the Glossopharyngeal nerve

122
Q

Name the features on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity features.

A

Promontory of the labyrinthine wall
Oval window
Round window

123
Q

The space superior to the tympanic membrane in the tympanic cavity is called _____.

A

Epitympanic recess

124
Q

All of the following are the contents of the middle ear, EXCEPT

a. malleus.
b. incus.
c. stapes
d. modiolus

A

D. Modiolus

125
Q

Which of the following indicates the floor of the tympanic cavity?

a. tegmental wall
b. jugular wall
c. carotid wall
d. mastoid wall

A

B. Jugular wall

126
Q

Name the arteries which supply the pharyngotympanic tube.

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery of the external carotid artery
Middle meningeal artery of the maxillary artery
Artery of the pterygoid canal of the maxillary artery

127
Q

The auditory ossicles transmit the sound wave from ____ to ____ leading to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth.

A 
Tympanic membrane
Oval window (fenestra vestibule)
128
Q

The ossicles are covered with regular osteogenic periosteum.

True/False

A

False

129
Q

Name the part of the malleus that attaches to the flaccid part of the tympanic membrane.

A

Neck of the malleous

130
Q

Which of the following describes the umbo correctly?

a. Tip of the handle of the malleus
b. Neck of the malleus
c. Tip o the handle of the incus
d. Neck of the stapes

A

a. Tip of the handle of the malleus

131
Q

The lenticular process of the incus articulates with ____________.

A

The stapes

132
Q

The tensor tympanic inserts into ___________.

A

Handle of the malleus

133
Q

The head of the malleus lies in the _____________.

A

Epitympanic recess

134
Q

The base of the stapes is considerably smaller than the tympanic membrane, as a result the vibratory force of the stapes is increased approximately _____ times over that of the tympanic membrane.

A

10

135
Q

The auditory ossicles increase the force of the vibrations transmitted from the tympanic membrane. True/False

A

True but they decrease the amplitude

136
Q

The tensor tympani arises from ____, and inserts to _____.

A

O: handle of the malleus
I: cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube, greater wing of the sphenoid, and petrous portion of the temporal bone

137
Q

The tensor tympani is innervated by the __________.

A

Nerve to the medial pterygoid

138
Q

Name the wall where the pyramidal eminence is for the stapedius muscle emergence.

A

Posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

139
Q

The otic capsule of the internal ear contains _____, _____, and _____.

A

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular ducts

140
Q

The cochlea is the shell-shaped part of the bony labyrinth that contains _____ for the hearing.

A

Cochlear duct

141
Q

Name the bony core of the cochlea.

A

Modiolus

142
Q

The spiral canal of the cochlea begins at the ______ and makes ___ turns around the bony core.

A

Vestibule

2.5 turns

143
Q

The bony core of the cochlea is called ___________.

A

Modiolus

144
Q

The large basal turn of the cochlea produces the _______ on the labyrinthine wall.

A

Promontory

145
Q

The large basal turn of the cochlea produces _____, which is part of the labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity.

A

The promontory

146
Q

Name the communicating feature between the basal turn of the cochlea and the subarachnoid space superior to the jugular foramen.

A

Cochlear aqueduct

147
Q

Name the structure, which close the round window at the basal turn of the cochlea.

A

Secondary tympanic membrane

148
Q

The vestibule of the bony labyrinth is a small oval chamber that contains the _____ and _____.

A

Utricle

Saccule

149
Q

Name the feature, which communicates the vestibule to the posterior cranial fossa.

A

Aqueduct of the vestibule

150
Q

Name the feature, which transmits the endolymphatic duct.

A

Vestibular aqueduct

151
Q

How many openings from the semicircular canals to the vestibule?

A

Five

152
Q

The membranous labyrinth composed of_____ and _____.

A

Communicating sacs and ducts

153
Q

The vestibular labyrinth contains two small communicating sacs which are known as_____ and _____.

A

Utricle

Saccule

154
Q

Name the spiral thickening of the periosteal lining of the cochlear canal, which secures the cochlear duct to the spiral canal of the cochlea.

A

The spiral ligament

155
Q

Name the feature where the semicircular ducts open through openings.

A

The utricle

156
Q

Name the feature where the endolymphatic duct arises.

A

Utricosaccular duct

157
Q

Name the feature which connects the saccule to the cochlear duct, as a uniting duct.

A

Ductus reuneins

158
Q

The primary sensory neurons of the cochlear ampulae are in _____ ganglia, which are in the internal acoustic meatus.

A

Vestibular

159
Q

The cochlear duct is a spiral tube, which is firmly suspended across the cochlear canal between the _____ on the external wall of the cochlear canal and the osseous spiral lamina of the modiolus respectively.

A

Spiral ligament

160
Q

Name the feature of the semilunar communication at the apex of the cochlea between two perilymph-filled spiral canals.

A

Helicotrema

161
Q

Waves of hydraulic pressure created in the perilymph of the vestibule by the vibration of the base of the stapes ascend to the apex of the cochlea through the _____.

A

Scala vestibule

162
Q

Waves of hydraulic pressure pass through the apex of the cochlear and then descend back to the basal turn of the cochlea through _____ .

A

Scala tympani

163
Q

Name the receptor organ of auditory stimuli.

A

Spiral organ of Corti

164
Q

The receptor organ of auditory stimuli is situated on the _____.

A

Basilar membrane

165
Q

The receptor organ of auditory stimuli is overlaid by _____.

A

Gelatinous tectorial membrane

166
Q

Untreated auricular hematoma might result in the _____ or ____.

A

Cauliflower ear

Boxer’s ear

167
Q

How do you pull the helix to observe the adult’s tympanic membrane for the otoscopic examination?

A

Posterosuperiorly (up, out and back)

168
Q

An earache and a bulging red tympanic membrane may indicate a sign of _____

A

Otitis media

169
Q

Infection of the mastoid antrum and mastoid cells from a middle ear infection might cause inflammation of the mastoid process known as _____.

A

Masoiditis

170
Q

Paralysis of the stapedius is associated with excessive acuteness of hearing called _____ or _____.

A

Hyperacusis

Hyperacusia

171
Q

The hyperacusis results from uninhibited movements of the _____.

A

Stapes

172
Q

Motion sickness results from discordance between ______ and _______ stimulation.

A

Vestibular

Visual

173
Q 
The aqueous humor drains directly into the:
A. Sclera venous sinus.
B. Limbal plexus.
C. Vorticose veins.
D. Anterior ciliary veins.
A

A. Sclera venous sinus

174
Q

The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.

A

Neural layer

Pigment layer

175
Q

The papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True/False

A

True

176
Q

Horner syndrome results from interruption of ________________.

A

A cervical sympathetic trunk

177
Q 
The Honer syndrome includes all of the following, EXCEPT
A. miosis.
B. ptosis.
C. vasodilation.
D. hydrosis.
A

D. Hydrosis

Neuroanatomy 2 - PNS (4 decks)

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