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AP Government > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

The residents of a congressional district or state

A

Constituents

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2
Q

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

A

Reapportionment

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3
Q

redrawing of congressional district boundaries by the party in power of the state legislature

A

Redistricting

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4
Q

the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent

A

Gerrymandering

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5
Q

An elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party’s candidate is almost taken for granted

A

Safe seat

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6
Q

the person already holding an elective office

A

Incumbant

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7
Q

Federally funded local projects attached to bills passed through Congress

A

Earmarks

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8
Q

The principle of a two-house legislature

A

Bicameralism

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9
Q

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution

A

Enumerated powers

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10
Q

the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives

A

Speaker of the House

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11
Q

A meeting of the members of a party in a legislative chamber to select party leaders and to develop party policy

A

Party Caucus

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12
Q

the legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or Senate

A

Majority leader

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13
Q

The principal leader of the minority party in the House of Representatives or in the Senate

A

Minority leader

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14
Q

a senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking

A

Whip

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15
Q

An order from the House Rules Committee that sets a time limit on debate; forbids a bill from being amended on the floor

A

Closed rule

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16
Q

an order from the House Rules Committee that permits a bill to be amended on the floor

A

Open rule

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17
Q

Officer of the Senate selected by the majority party to act as chair in the absence of the vice president

A

President pro tempore

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18
Q

A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue

A

Filibuster

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19
Q

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate

A

Cloture

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20
Q

A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area

A

Standing committee

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21
Q

A congressional committee created for a specific purpose, sometimes to conduct an investigation

A

Special/select committee

22
Q

A committee composed of members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate

A

Joint committee

23
Q

unwritten rule in both houses of Congress reserving the top posts in each chamber, particularly committee chairmanships, for members with the longest records of service

A

Seniority rule

24
Q

special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate

A

Conference committee

25
Q

a motion to force a bill to the House floor that has been bottled up in committee

A

Discharge petition

26
Q

A provision attached to a bill - to which it may or may not be related - in order to secure its passage or defeat

A

Rider

27
Q

president’s power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days

A

Pocket veto

28
Q

An action taken by Congress to reverse a presidential veto, requiring a two-thirds majority in each chamber

A

Override

29
Q

a congressman who votes based on what their constituents want

A

delegate

30
Q

A legislator who acts according to her or his conscience and the broad interests of the entire society

A

Trustee

31
Q

vote trading; voting to support a colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support

A

Logrolling

32
Q

those who follow politics and public affairs carefully

A

Attentive public

33
Q

legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts

A

Pork

34
Q

policy that results in government control over individuals and businesses

A

Regulatory policy

35
Q

Determine the basic operations of their chamber; in the House, has the responsibility of issuing rules to bills

A

Rules and Administration committee

36
Q

House & Senate standing committees that begins budget process in Congress by setting overall budget size and amounts that will be spent on different topics

A

Budget committee

37
Q

House and Senate committees that develop or authorize particular policies or programs through legislation

A

Authorizing committee

38
Q

deal with raising the money appropriating committees spend

A

Revenue committees

39
Q

broad powers to investigate the performance of government and to authorize programs for fixing government-wide management problems

A

General Oversight committees

40
Q

90% re-election rate (franking, name recognition, sponsors, ect.)

A

Incumbant advantage

41
Q

Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals

A

Caseworking

42
Q

An institution unique to the House of Representatives that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full House

A

House rules committee

43
Q

The minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress

A

Quorum

44
Q

Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free

A

Franking privilege

45
Q

Constitutional power given to Congress to raise and spend money

A

“power of the purse”

46
Q

House committee that handles tax bills

A

Ways and Means committee

47
Q

congressional committee that deals with federal spending

A

Appropriation committee

48
Q

Presidential custom of submitting the names of prospective appointees for approval to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work

A

Senatorial courtesy

49
Q

A committee that consists of an entire legislative body

A

Committee of the whole

50
Q

constitutional provision that gives congress the power to collect taxes to provide for the general welfare

A

Spending clause

51
Q

One person, one vote

A

Baker v. Carr

52
Q

No racial gerrymandering

A

Shaw v. Reno

AP Government (4 decks)

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