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AP Government > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and against which later polls are compared

A

Benchmark polls

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2
Q

continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate’s daily rise or fall in support

A

Tracking polls

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3
Q

the set of people that a particular poll is meant to represent

A

Polling universe

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4
Q

the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.

A

Demographics

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5
Q

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

A

Political culture

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6
Q

The process by which we develop our political attitudes, values, and beliefs.

A

Political socialization

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7
Q

the important principles that will guide decisions and actions in the company

A

Core values

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8
Q

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

A

Individualism

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9
Q

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

A

Equality of opportunity

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10
Q

Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference

A

Free enterprise

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11
Q

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

A

Rule of law

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12
Q

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

A

Globalization

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13
Q

method of polling that provides a fairly precise reading of public opinion by using random sampling

A

Scientific polling

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14
Q

interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population

A

Public opinion polls

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15
Q

A method of systematically questioning a small, selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of the total population.

A

Opinion polls

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16
Q

voters asked about which candidate they are going to vote for and why before walking into a caucus

A

Entrance polls

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17
Q

polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate

A

Push polls

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18
Q

Polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day.

A

Exit polls

19
Q

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion around

A

Random sample

20
Q

A sample that reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn; more than 1,000

A

Representative sample

21
Q

a way to measure public opinion by interviewing a large sample of the population

A

Mass survey

22
Q

A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues.

A

Focus group

23
Q

the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time

A

Sampling error

24
Q

the extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials

A

Reliability of data

25
Q

the quality of the data that is being analyzed

A

Veracity of data

26
Q

sets of political values held by individuals regarding the basic goals of government and politics

A

Political ideologies

27
Q

range of political views

A

Political spectrum

28
Q

A political orientation that favors a more assertive role in the redistribution of economic resources, but emphasizes individual freedom on a range of social issues.

A

Liberal ideology

29
Q

An ideology that advocates minimal regulation of the economy and decreased emphasis on income redistribution.

A

Conservative ideology

30
Q

Person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

A

Moderate

31
Q

The process by which the public opinion divides and goes to the extremes.

A

Political polarization

32
Q

One of the two major U.S political party;founded in 1828 by Andrew Jackson to support a decentralized government and state’s rights

A

Democratic Party

33
Q

1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories

A

Republican Party

34
Q

a market over which government bodies exert a level of oversight and control

A

Regulation of the marketplace

35
Q

An ideology that seeks even more limited government in all facets of society than that promoted by conservatives.

A

Libertarian ideology

36
Q

the rights individuals or firms have to the exclusive use of their property, including the right to buy or sell it

A

Property rights

37
Q

When two countries both benefit from trade and they voluntarily decide to trade with one another.

A

Voluntary trade

38
Q

The idea that government can smooth out the ups and downs of the free-market economy by stimulating the economy when private business investment is low and cooling down the economy when excessive investment is creating inflation

A

Keynesian economic policies

39
Q

Policies designed to increase real aggregate supply

Ex: Lower marginal tax rates were designed to give people incentives to increase real output by allowing greater after-tax rewards

A

Supply-side economic policies

40
Q

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.

A

Monetary policy

41
Q

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.

A

Fiscal policy

42
Q

an independent agency of the federal government established in 1913 to regulate the nation’s banking and financial industry

A

Federal Reserve Board

43
Q

a condition in which no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based on nonnatural conventions exist

A

Social equality

44
Q

the idea that each individual should receive the same amount of material goods, regardless of his or her contribution to society

A

Economic equality

AP Government (5 decks)

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