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gcse pe > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a skill?

A

learned patterns of movement acquired through training

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2
Q

what is ability?

A

inherited, stable traits that determine the potential to learn a skill

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3
Q

what is the basic/complex continuum?

A

the level of decision making and cognitive ability needed to perform a skill

basic - little needed
complex- higher level needed

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4
Q

what is the open/closed continuum?

A

the environmental conditions and factors that effect performance

open- highly effected by environment

closed- little effects from environment

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5
Q

what is the self-paced/ externally paced continuum?

A

the individual’s or environment’s control over movement

self-paced - individual has control
external - environment has control

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6
Q

what is the gross / fine movement continuum?

A

the amount of muscle movement and precision required to carry out a skill

gross- large movements, less precise

fine - small movements, more precise

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7
Q

what are performance goals?

A

personal goals, set on performer’s past achievements or aspirations for the future.
e.g beating a personal best in a long distance race

  • does not involve comparisons to others
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8
Q

what are outcome goals?

A

goals focused on the end result, involves comparisons to other players.
e.g winning a squash tournament

  • dependent on failure of others, so can be unpredictable
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9
Q

why are performance goals more appropriate for beginners than outcome goals?

A

failure to achieve goals can be demotivating. as a result, performance goals are easier to control can be more realistic for a beginner to successfully achieve.

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10
Q

what does the ‘S’ stand for in SMART goals?

A

SPECIFIC - exactly what needs to be done

‘i will increase how much exercise i do’

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11
Q

what does the ‘M’ stand for in SMART goals?

A

MEASURABLE - trackable, what success will look like

‘ i will do an average of 60 mins of moderately intense activity a day’

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12
Q

what does the ‘A’ stand for in SMART goals?

A

ACCEPTED - accepted by all participants and coach

‘ i can see my self completing the goal successfully, and a friend will do it with me’

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13
Q

what does the ‘R’ stand for in SMART goals?

A

REALISTIC - to know it is practical

‘ i can do it by walking daily and going to the gym twice a week’

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14
Q

what does the ‘T’ stand for in SMART goals?

A

TIME-BOUND - when it will
be achieved by

‘ i will achieve it by the end of summer’

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15
Q

what is information processing?

A

the process that a performer goes through when they make and act upon a decision

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16
Q

information processing

what is input?

A
  • data received from the display, both senses and intuition

selective attention is necessary to pick what to focus on

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17
Q

information processing

what is decision making?

A
  • selected data is analysed and an appropriate response is selected

more experienced performers will have relevant information stored in their long term memory from past situations, where as beginners are likely not to have much

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18
Q

information processing

what is output?

A
  • the decision is acted on

the information is sent from the performer’s brain to the working muscles to carry out the response

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19
Q

information processing

what is feedback?

A
  • data received in response to the output and can be received both intrinsically and extrinsically
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20
Q

what is intrinsic feedback?

A
  • data received from within the performer, that is received kinaesthetically by receptors in the muscles
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21
Q

what is extrinsic feedback?

A
  • data received from external sources, such as the coach, spectators or video feedback replays
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22
Q

what is guidance?

A

giving information to a performance, usually before the performance begins

23
Q

what is visual guidance?

A
  • presented so the performer can see

live demonstrations, videos, posters

24
Q

what are the advantages of visual guidance?

A
  • useful for all performance levels
  • good for inexperienced
  • performer can copy exactly what they have seen
25
Q

what are the disadvantages of visual guidance?

A
  • must be good quality
  • some skills are too complex to demonstrate
  • not effective if performer is not paying attention
26
Q

what is verbal guidance?

A

the coach describes how to perform a skill

27
Q

what are the advantages of verbal guidance?

A
  • useful for high performance levels
  • highlights key points
  • useful for sharing basic information and instructions
28
Q

what are the disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A
  • information overload
  • can be tedious
  • not suitable in noisy locations
  • complex skills are difficult to explain verbally
29
Q

what is manual guidance?

A

involves physically moving the performer into the correct position or supporting them whilst they perform a skill

30
Q

what are the advantages of manual guidance?

A
  • good for beginners

- performer can develop correct feel and positioning of technique

31
Q

what are the disadvantages of manual guidance?

A
  • dependency

- movements can feel different if it is being done for you

32
Q

what is mechanical guidance?

A

using aids to assist in coaching process, such as floats and harnesses

33
Q

what are the advantages of mechanical guidance?

A
  • good for dangerous skills
  • can develop movement without fear
  • good for building confidence
34
Q

what are the disadvantages of mechanical aids?

A
  • equipment may be expensive or inaccessible

- performer may rely on aid

35
Q

what are the advantages of positive feedback?

A
  • motivates performer
36
Q

what are the disadvantages of positive feedback?

A
  • can overemphasise good aspects
37
Q

what are the advantages of negative feedback?

A
  • prioritises skills that need to be improved

- effective way to guide performer of how skill should be performed

38
Q

what are the disadvantages of negative feedback?

A
  • demotivating / demoralising

- struggle to respond

39
Q

what are the advantages of knowledge of results?

A
  • gives quick measure of success
40
Q

what are the disadvantages of knowledge of results?

A
  • demotivating for other performers when there can only be one winner
41
Q

what are the advantages of knowledge of performance?

A
  • detailed

- focuses on specifics for experienced performers, and one or two aspects for beginners

42
Q

what are the disadvantages of knowledge of performance?

A
  • challenging to break down to specifics for experienced performers to utilise
43
Q

what are the advantages of extrinsic feedback?

A
  • teaches beginners basic skills
44
Q

what are the disadvantages of extrinsic feedback?

A
  • needs a qualified coach, if not, advice may be misleading
45
Q

what are the advantages of intrinsic feedback?

A
  • performers can make immediate adjustments
46
Q

what are the disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?

A
  • requires high level of knowledge to be able to identify exactly what did / didn’t work
  • beginners do not have prior knowledge
47
Q

what is arousal?

A

physical and mental state of alertness and readiness

lowest arousal point - deep sleep
highest arousal point - intense excitement

48
Q

what is the inverted ‘U’ theory?

A

optimal performance occurs when a performer is optimally aroused

gross movement —> high arousal
fine movement —> low arousal

49
Q

what is stress management used for?

A

to control arousal levels

50
Q

what are the qualities of deep breathing for stress management?

A
  • calms erratic and rapid breathing
  • increases oxygen supply to brain
  • limits arousal caused by nervousness
51
Q

what are the qualities of mental rehearsal / visualisation / imagery for stress management?

A
  • involves changing how performer thinks in order to change the way they behave
  • helps performer relax and focus ( tunnel vision)
  • visualises positive outcomes, like standing as the winner on a podium
52
Q

what are the qualities of positive self talks for stress management?

A
  • ‘reframes’ thoughts

- puts performer in positive state of mind

53
Q

what are the signs of high arousal levels?

A
  • increased heart rate
  • profuse sweating
  • inability to concentrate
  • reddening of skin
  • increased muscle tension

gcse pe (1 decks)

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