Unit 4 Flashcards
One difference between the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle is that:
A
virus in the lysogenic cycle cannot reproduce
B
virus in the lytic cycle kill their host while those in the lysogenic cycle do not
C
virus in the lytic cycle cannot reproduce
D
virus in the lytic cycle integrate themselves into the host genome
E
virus in the lysogenic cycle eventually die off
B
virus in the lytic cycle kill their host while those in the lysogenic cycle do not
One way that antibiotics can treat bacterial disease without harming human cells is by:
A
exploiting the fact that basteria have no nuclei
B
exploiting the fact that viruses cannot infect bacteria
C
not allowing bacterial cells to produce peptidoglycan cell walls
D
targeting the medication to enter directly into bacterial cells
E
utilizing the lytic cycle
C
not allowing bacterial cells to produce peptidoglycan cell walls
Under the microscope are cells that you know to be either plant, animal, or bacterial. You see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles and therefore conclude that they are____.
A
Animal cells
B
Bacterial cells
C
Plant cells
C
Plant cells
SARS-CoV-2 infects ____. (Choose all correct answers)
A
Mucosal epitelial cells
B
Any human cell type that expresses an ACE-2 receptor on its cell surface
C
Bacterial cells
D
Any human cell type that expresses an MHC Class II receptor on its cell surface
A
Mucosal epitelial cells
B
Any human cell type that expresses an ACE-2 receptor on its cell surface
5
A & C
6
B
Which might you choose to represent core mutations that represent the first group of sequences A-E to occur during the outbreak?
C
Sequence A is most likely a virus derived most recently from which sequence B-E from the table?
A
Sequence B
B
Sequence C
C
Sequence D
D
Sequence E
D
Sequence E
An example of innate immunity involves____.
A
the acidic environment of the stomach
B
the production of antibodies by B cells
C
the production of antibodies by T cells
D
an immune response triggered by vaccination
A
the acidic environment of the stomach
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about innate immunity?
A
macrophages and natural killer cells are participants in the process
B
it includes inflammatory responses
C
it must be primed by the presence of an antigen
D
cytokines play important roles in the process
E
it includes physical and chemical barriers
C
it must be primed by the presence of an antigen
Match the components of the immune system with their description.
(Macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells)
These cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and destroy virally infected cells
These cells are part of the innate immune response and can kill cells infected with viruses (or cancerous cells).
These cells enable other immune cells like those that make antibodies and identify infected cells to respond.
These cells engulf foreign invaders in mechanisms similar to the function of dendritic cells.
These cells produce specific antibodies that circulate throughout the body.
Cytotoxic T cells
Natural Killer Cells
helper T cells
macrophages
B cells
Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?
A
Antibodies
B
B cells
C
Complement proteins
D
T helper cells
E
Cytotoxic T Cells
E
Cytotoxic T Cells
Which of the following is a difference between B cells and T cells?
A
One is involved in the innate immune response which targets general pathogens loose in blood and lymph. The other is involved in the cell-mediated immune response.
B
One is formed in the red bone marrow; the other is formed in the spleen.
C
One is considered an effector cell because it is involved in “effecting” (bringing about) the immune response of killing pathogens and infected host cells; the other is considered an adaptor cell because it “adapts” to new threats.
D
One has a major role in antibody production, while the other has a major role in cytotoxicity
D
One has a major role in antibody production, while the other has a major role in cytotoxicity
B Cells are activated by ___.
A
antibodies
B
cytokines from activated T Helper cells.
C
complement proteins
D
interferon
E
memory cells
B
cytokines from activated T Helper cells.
A live microbe that has been mutated for reduced virulence in a vaccine preparation is called ____.
A
a toxoid
B
attenuated
C
denatured
D
dormant
E
virulent
B
attenuated
Which of the following cell types are responsible for initiating a secondary immune response?
A
B cells
B
macrophages
C
memory cells
D
stem cells
E
T cells
C
memory cells
17
Check TopHat
Which is the most accurate statement regarding antibodies?
A
Each individual, from fetal life on, must always make his or her own antibodies.
B
Antibodies are not made except in response to antigens.
C
One antibody will bind to many, very different kinds of antigens.
D
One antibody among many produced in the body will match a new antigen by chance
D
One antibody among many produced in the body will match a new antigen by chance
What does the reproduction number (R0) of a virus tell you?
A
How many people will get infected from one infected person.
B
How virulent the infection will be.
C
How many people will die from a virus.
D
How long the incubation period will be.
A
How many people will get infected from one infected person.
One understandable reason for vaccine hesitancy today is _.
A
Vaccines have been shown to cause autism.
B
Vaccines are unnatural, and breast feeding can provide protection against diseases.
C
Some diseases that are vaccinated for have not been seen in recent generations.
D
A belief that getting the disease is a better way to provide lifelong protection.
E
Science has been wrong before, so we shouldn’t trust vaccines
C
Some diseases that are vaccinated for have not been seen in recent generations.
What is the major drawback to an mRNA vaccine?
A
May not stimulate a strong immune response
B
Slow to design
C
The harmless virus that acts as a carrier to deliver genes into your cells may cause harmful immune responses
D
RNA breaks down very easily and needs to be delivered inside a fatty barrier and kept ultra-cold.
E
They would be injecting you with an inactivated version of the virus which may give you the disease
D
RNA breaks down very easily and needs to be delivered inside a fatty barrier and kept ultra-cold.
Which of the following is true about the viral vector vaccine from Johnson and Johnson?
A
The vaccine must be delivered inside a fatty barrier and kept ultra-cold.
B
It may not stimulate a strong immune response
C
The vaccine delivers pieces of the virus surface protein directly into your body
D
The harmless virus that acts as a carrier to deliver genes into your cells may cause immune response to the harmless virus.
E
Injecting you with an inactivated version of the virus may give you the disease.
D
The harmless virus that acts as a carrier to deliver genes into your cells may cause immune response to the harmless virus
Which action below is affected by an antihistamine?
A
blood vessel dilation
B
clonal selection by antigens
C
MHC presentation by macrophages
D
phagocytosis of antigens
E
the secondary immune response
A
blood vessel dilation
A friend complains of an upset stomach, and thinks he might have lactose intolerance or a wheat allergy. Which of the following would indicate that he has an allergy?
A
Presence of IgEs against wheat
B
Presence of memory B cells
C
Presence of innate immunity
D
Presence of intestinal symptoms
A
Presence of IgEs against wheat
Which of the following could prevent the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack?
A
reducing the number of helper T cells in the body
B
blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies
C
blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells
C
blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells
Imagine you are a scientist interested in altering shrimp to make them less allergenic. Put the following tasks in the order in which you would perform them to accomplish this.
Identify the levels of allergenic proteins in shrimp treated with CRISPR
Identify which shrimp proteins bind to IgEs
Perform CRISPR to disrupt expression of allergenic proteins
Test whether shrimp treated with CRISPR cause a response in individuals who are allergic to shrimp
Isolate IgEs from people with shrimp allergies
Isolate IgEs from people with shrimp allergies
Identify which shrimp proteins bind to IgEs
Perform CRISPR to disrupt expression of allergenic proteins
Identify the levels of allergenic proteins in shrimp treated with CRISPR.
Test whether shrimp treated with CRISPR cause a response in individuals who are allergic to shrimp
