Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing 3 Exam 4 > Unit 37 Pediatric Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Unit 37 Pediatric Infectious Disease Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the side effects of “killed” inactivated vaccines and live vaccines?

A

“killed” inactivated vaccines side effects:

  • Local soreness at injection site
  • Mild fever

Live vaccine side effects:
-Can obtain mild form of disease that would appear in a week or two, not the day vaccine is given

Overal usually the side effects are MILD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is VAERS and who can active it?

A

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

Anyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the epidemiology triangle of disease?

A

Host

Pathogen

Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are children more vulnerable to infection? What age is especially at risk?

A
  • Thinner skin
  • Immunoglobulin A not at adult levels till age 5
  • Sweat glands are immature till age 3 - less able to regulate temp
  • Especially under 6 months at risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are macules, papules, and vesicles?

A

Macules - flat red spots

Papules - Raised red spots

Vesicles - blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is septic work-up performed on infants?

A
  • When fever is approx 100.5 in infants less than 6 months of age
  • Includes hospital admission and pan-culture including lumbar puncture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can infections be prevented?

A

Vaccines creating herd immunity

Handwashing

Sneezing/Coughing Hygiene

Keeping surfaces clean

Less contact with sick kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are general interventions for infection?

A
  • Fever management (treat symptoms then fever if discomfort, Ibuprofen cannot be give until 6 months old)
  • Avoid Aspirin
  • Encourage fluids
  • Provide comfort/manage pruritus (itching)
  • Keep rashes clean, dry, avoid rubbing (exudate contains the offending organism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are ways to manage pruritus?

A
  • Encourage participation in diversional activity
  • Apply cool, moist compresses to pruritic areas
  • Add emollients, cornstarch, or baking soda to bath water
  • Use tepid water and mild soaps for bathing
  • If not contraindicated, apply emollient creams or ointments frequently to prevent dryness
  • Encourage client to wear loose cotton garments and avoid clothes or blankets made from wool

-Administer antihistamines if ordered:
Diphenhydramine [Benadryl], hydroxyzine [Atarax]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GI illness has mainly what kind of precautions? Respiratory?

A

Contact - GI

Airborne - Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the aspects of Chicken pox such as: the agent, source, transmission, incubation period, and if there is a vaccine.

A

Agent- Varicella zoster VIRUS

Source - Rash?

Transmission - Airborne! (also contact)

Incubation period - 2-3 weeks

There is a live vaccine that is 80% effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the prodromal stage of chickenpox? what is the Infectious stage of chickenpox? during what time frame is it contagious? when is it no longer contagious?

A

Prodromal stage (before stage): slight fever, malaise (general ill feeling), anorexia

Contagious in first 24 hours

Infection stage:
-Macules progressing to papules to vesicle to crusted over

  • When spots are crusted over, no longer contagious
  • Pruritus can be intense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What immunoglobulin and antiviral can be given to a child before or with Chicken Pox? What are the complications of chicken pox?

A

If child is immunosuppressed and been exposed to virus can give [VariZIG] an immunoglobulin recently approved drug that pools antibodies to chicken pox.

-acyclovir(Zovirax) a general antiviral can be given as well

Complications: secondary bacterial infections, encephalitis (infection of brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the nursing interventions for chicken pox?

A
  • Strict [airborne] isolation and contact precautions when hospitalized
  • Isolate child in home until vesicles have dried
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Rotavirus. symptoms, care, immunity, and vaccine.

A
  • Serious cause of severe diarrhea in children
  • Symptoms: fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea 3-8 days

Care: Supportive, oral and IV hydration*

Immunity: After infection immunity is incomplete but subsequent bouts are less severe

Live vaccine that ca be given at 1 month old unlike other vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Measles.

A
  • A virus
  • One of the most contagious illnesses in humans
  • From respiratory tract secretions, and blood urine

Transmission: airborne, direct contact

Live vaccine: When 12-15 months old given in MMR pack (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the defining characteristics of measles in the prodromal and infectious stages?

A

-Prodromal stage: fever, malaise, cough, conjunctivitis, KOPLIK SPOTS**

Infection Stage: rash, erythematous rash on face that spreads downward after 3-4 days rash is brownish

-Generalized lymphadenopathy, anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Koplik spots?

A
  • White dots in mouth cheek area

- Occurs 2 days before the measles rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the therapeutic management of Measles?What vitamin would you give? What are the complications?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vitamin A supplementation to decrease mortality and morbidity
  • Hospitalization for infants or any immunocompromised patients with measles
  • Supportive care, monitoring, bedrest
  • Antipyrectics

Complications: Otitis*, encephalitis (brain infection), pneumonia, obstructive laryngitis

20
Q

What are nursing interventions for Measles?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Isolate child until 5th day of rash if hospitalized
  • Respiratory airborne precautions**
  • Cool mist vaporizer
21
Q

Describe Mumps.

Study These Flashcards
A

ParamyxoVIRIS

Source: saliva

Transmission: DROPLET, and contact

Live vaccine given at 12-15 months old as MMR pack.

22
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Mumps?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prodromal stage: fever, malaise, headache, anorexia, earache (24hrs before infection stage)

Infection stage: Parotitis (large swollen side of neck, parotid gland enlarged), painful and tender, max size in 1-3 days.

23
Q

What are the severe complications of Mumps?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. (encephalitis/meningitis)
  • Inflammation of testicles (orchitis) that could lead to sterility
  • Deafness, usually permanent
  • Inflammation of breasts/ovaries
  • Spontaneous abortion
24
Q

What is the therapeutic management of Mumps?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Analgesics
  • Antipyretics
  • Watch for complications - encephalitis, hepatitis
25
What are nursing interventions for Mumps?
- Droplet and contact precautions - Bedrest - Encourage fluids and soft bland diet - Warm or cool compress to the neck
26
Describe Rubella (german measles).
- rubella VIRUS - BIG problem for fetus if mother has Source: nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, stool, urine Transmission: DROPLET precautions and contact Live vaccine given at 12-15 months and to women 3 months prior to getting pregnant
27
What are the defining the characteristics of Rubella?
- Low grade fever - Headache - Malaise - Sore throat, anorexia - Rash: pink-red maculo-papular first on face then progresses downward, by third day usually gone
28
What is the therapeutic management for Rubella? What is the biggest complication?
Antipyretics Supportive care/symptom management Isolate from pregnant Complication: danger to fetus
29
Describe Pertussis (whooping cough). Pathogen? Source? Transmission? Vaccine?
- Bacteria - Source: Respiratory secretions Transmission: DROPLET and contact -NOT a live vaccine; Dtap and TdaP (ok for immunosuppressed patients) - Given around 2 months to babies - Women should have it in 3rd trimester -Boosters ever 5-10 years Most dangerous < 6 months of age
30
What are the defining characteristics of Pertussis?
Prodromal stage: URI symptoms, low grade fever Infection stage: dry hacking cough, continues for 1-2 weeks
31
What is the therapeutic management of Pertussis?
Antimicrobial therapy (azithromycin) Supportive therapy: hospitalization for all infants and children who are dehydrated Bedrest, oxygen, humidity, adequate fluids
32
What are the nursing interventions for Pertussis?
- Isolate child - Droplet and contact precautions - Restful environment - Encourage fluids in small amounts - Suction as needed - Observe for signs of airway obstruction
33
Describe Streptococcal Pharyngitis. What is the agent? Signs and symptoms? How it is treated?
Agent: Group A Beta hemolytic strep -Cause by same organism as scarlet fever - Razor like pain in throat - Highly contagious - White spots on tonsils - Ruby Red oral cavity - Must be treated with antibiotics to prevent immune response - antibodies can attack own tissue (heart valves, kidneys, joints) - After 24 hrs can go back to school, etc.
34
Describe Scarlet Fever. Agent? source? transmission? treated how?
Agent: Group A Beta hemolytic strep Source: Naso-pharyngeal secretions Transmission: Droplet and contact - antibodies can attack own tissue (heart valves, kidneys, joints) - Treated with antibiotics (penicillin)
35
What are the defining characteristics of Scarlet Fever?
- Strawberry tongue and rash! (picture tongue like strawberry with little bumps) - Rash appears ~12 hrs after fever: pin head red lesions - Abrupt fever, possibly vomiting - Headache, chills, abdominal pain - Tonsils enlarged, reddened
36
What are the nursing interventions and therapeutic management for both Scarlet Fever and Streptococcal Pharyngitis? Complications?
Droplet precautions for first 24 hrs Administer oral antibiotic therapy (Penicillin) Contagious until antibiotic given for 24 hrs Relieve throat discomfort Bedrest during febrile phase Fluids during febrile period Complications: glomerulonephritis, carditis, otitis media, peri-tonsilar abscess
37
Describe Infectious Mononucleosis ("Mono") including characteristics.
Agent: Epstein-Barr Virus Source: Oropharyngeal secretions Stand precautions only Incubation period of 1-2 months No vaccine Characteristics: Malaise, sore throat, fever *splenomegaly, *fatigue, generalized lymphadenopathy -Symptoms persist for 10 days - 6 weeks
38
What are the nursing interventions and the therapeutic management of Mononucleosis?
- Provide supportive care/comfort measures - Possible short use of penicillin - Analgesics - Rest and injury prevention** (for enlarged spleen) - Teach about adequate rest, injury prevention, and activity modification
39
Describe Bacterial meningitis. When are vaccines recommended?
-Infection of membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord - Pneumococcal and HIB vaccines are recommended routinely starting infancy - Meningococcal vaccine is recommended routinely with one dose at adolescence
40
What are the defining characteristics of bacterial meningitis and the complications?
- Fever, chills, headache, vomiting - Seizures, irritability, photophobia - Nuchal rigidity (Pain or resistance when bending neck) - Possible altered LOC - Petechial pupular rash (bad sign that's basically sepsis) - Joint pain In infants - 2 years: Poor feeding, high pitched cry, seizures, fever, bulging fontanel Complications: seizures, deafness, paralysis, sepsis
41
What is the therapeutic management of Bacterial meningitis?
- Droplet/contact precautions for at least 24 hrs - Prompt initiation of anti-microbial therapy AFTER lumbar puncture (after cultures) - Maintain hydration - Control seizures - Control temp - Early management of sepsis shock
42
What are the nursing interventions for Bacterial meningitis?
- Administer fluids and IV antibiotics - Droplet precautions - Dim lights for (photophobia), quiet environment - Analgesics for pain - Antipyretics - Perform neurological assessment and sepsis signs - I and O's
43
Describe Yeast infection and Tinea (ringworm) infection. Both funguses.
Yeast: - prevent with probiotics/acidophilus (good bacteria) - if thrush develops (oral candidias) use nystatin/mycostatin "swish and swallow" - Vaginal use the "azoles" - Infants use the "azoles" Tinea (ringworm): - Contagious - Keep area dry clean - DON'T share clothes, towels, bed lines - Use topicals or flucanozole
44
For what disease/virus would you give vitamin A supplementation too?
Measles
45
How is meningitis Dx'd?
lumbar puncture

Nursing 3 Exam 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions