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AS Chemistry - Unit 2 > Unit 3.2.7 - Extraction of Metals > Flashcards

Unit 3.2.7 - Extraction of Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ore?

A

A natural substance that it is economically worthwhile to extract metal from

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2
Q

What are the two most common types of ore?

A

Oxides and sulphides

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3
Q

What’s the first step in extracting a metal from a sulphide ore?

A

Turn it into an oxide by roasting it in air

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4
Q

What does roasting a metal sulphide in air produce?

A

A metal oxide and sulphur dioxide

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5
Q

What is the equation for when zinc sulphide is roasted in air?

A

2ZnS + 3O2 ————-> 2ZnO +2SO2

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6
Q

What is bad about converting sulphide ores into metal oxides?

A

The process produces sulphur dioxide which forms acidic rain and damages trees, fish and limestone buildings

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7
Q

What is the sulphur dioxide converted to after roasting sulphide ore in air so that it can’t cause acid rain?

A

Sulphuric acid

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8
Q

What are used as reducing agents to extract metals less reactive than carbon from a metal oxide?

A

Carbon and carbon monoxide

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9
Q

How is iron extracted from iron oxide?

A

By reducing it with carbon or carbon monoxide in a blast furnace

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10
Q

What temperature is the blast furnace when you are extracting iron from its ore?

A

More than 700C

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11
Q

What is the equation for when iron oxide is reduced by carbon?

A

2Fe2O3 + 3C ————-> 4Fe + 3CO2

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12
Q

What is the equation for when iron oxide is reduced by carbon?

A

Fe2O3 + 3CO ————-> 2Fe + 3CO2

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13
Q

What is the formula for the ore of iron?

A

Fe2O3

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14
Q

How is manganese extracted from manganese oxide?

A

By reducing it with carbon or carbon monoxide in a blast furnace

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15
Q

What temperature is the blast furnace when you are extracting manganese from its ore?

A

Around 1200C

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16
Q

Doe extracting iron or manganese from their ore require a higher temperature?

A

Manganese

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17
Q

What is the equation for when manganese oxide is reduced by carbon?

A

MnO2 +C ————-> Mn + CO2

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18
Q

What is the equation for when manganese oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide?

A

MnO2 +2CO ————-> Mn + 2CO2

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19
Q

What is the formula for an ore of manganese?

A

MnO2

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20
Q

What is a copper ore of copper?

A

Malachite

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21
Q

What is the formula for malachite?

A

CuCO3

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22
Q

What the two methods for extracting copper from copper carbonate?

A
  1. ) Directly heat with carbon

2. ) Heat the copper carbonate until it decomposes into copper oxide and then reduce the oxide with carbon

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23
Q

What is the equation for when copper is extracted from copper carbonate by directly heating it with carbon?

A

2CuCO3 + C ————-> 2Cu + 3CO2

24
Q

What are the two equations for extracting copper from copper carbonate by heating it until it decomposes and then reducing it?

A

CuCO3 ————-> CuO + CO2

2CuO + C ————-> 2Cu + CO2

25
What three metals cant be extracted from their ores of metal oxide by reduction with carbon?
Titanium, Tungsten and Aluminium
26
Why don't you extract tungsten from its ore of tungsten oxide by reduction with carbon?
It leaves impurities which makes the metal brittle
27
Why can't you extract aluminium for its ore of aluminium oxide by reduction with carbon?
It is more reactive than carbon, it also would require a very high temperature to reduce it not making extraction worthwhile through this process
28
Why don't you extract titanium from its ore of titanium oxide by reduction with carbon?
You get titanium carbonate which ruins the metal
29
What is the equation for what happens when you try to reduce titanium oxide with carbon?
TiO2 + 3C -------------> TiC + 2CO2
30
What process is used to extract aluminium from its ores of aluminium oxide?
Electrolysis
31
What is the name for the most common ore of aluminium?
Bauxite
32
What happens to the bauxite before it goes through electrolysis?
It is purified
33
What is mixed with aluminium oxide before electrolysis and why?
Molten cryolite to reduce its melting point to about 900C
34
What happens to the aluminium oxide during electrolysis?
The aluminium ions gain electrons and are reduced at the cathode forming aluminium atoms The oxide ions lose electrons and are oxidised at the anode forming oxygen molecules
35
What is the equation for the reaction that happens at the cathode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide?
Al3+ + 3e- -------------> Al
36
What is the equation for the reaction that happens at the anode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide?
2O2- -------------> O2 + 4e-
37
What happens to the aluminium when it is formed during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide?
It is molten and sinks to the bottom of the cell where it can be tapped off
38
What type of process is extracting titanium from its ore of titanium oxide?
A batch process with several different stages
39
What is the first step in extracting titanium from its ore of titanium oxide?
It is converted to titanium chloride by heating it to about 900C with carbon in a stream of chlorine gas
40
What is the equation for when titanium oxide is converted to titanium chloride ?
TiO2 + 2Cl2 + 2C -------------> TiCl4 +2CO
41
What happens to the titanium chloride when it is first produced during the extraction of titanium and how?
It is then purified by fractional distillation under an inert atmosphere of argon gas
42
What is the second step in extracting titanium from its ore of titanium oxide?
Heated in a furnace at about 1000C with a more reactive metal like sodium in an inert atmosphere of argon gas
43
What is the equation for when titanium chloride is converted to titanium?
TiCl4 + 4Na -------------> Ti + 4NaCl
44
Why is an inert atmosphere of argon used in the second step of the extraction of titanium from its ore of titanium oxide?
To prevent the titanium chloride and sodium from reacting with oxygen or water vapour in the air
45
How is tungsten extracted from its ore of tungsten oxide?
Reducing it with hydrogen in a furnace with temperatures above 700C
46
What is the equation for when titanium is extracted from its ore of titanium oxide?
WO3 + 3H2 -------------> W + 3H2O
47
Why is it worth using hydrogen as a reducing agent during the extraction of titanium even though it is more expensive?
You get purer tungsten
48
What is one disadvantage of using hydrogen as a reducing agent when extracting tungsten other than its cost?
Safety risks as it is highly explosive in air
49
What are four advantages of recycling metals?
1. ) Saves raw materials as ores are a finite resource 2. ) Saves energy as recycling metals takes less energy than extracting metals 3. ) Reducing waste sent to landfills 4. ) Mining for new metals damages the landscape
50
What are three disadvantages of recycling metals?
1. ) Collecting and sorting metals from other waste can be difficult and expensive 2. ) Recycled metals often impurities 3. ) Recycling metals might not produce a consistent supply to meet demand
51
What is one use for recycled scrap iron?
Extracting copper from aqueous solution
52
What are the four steps in how recycled scrap iron is used to extract copper?
1. ) Copper ore is added to acidified water 2. ) Solution collected and scrap iron is then added 3. ) Iron dissolves and reduces the copper ions 4. ) The copper then precipitates out of the solution and is removed
53
Why is the copper ore added to acidified water before extracting the copper using scrap iron?
So that the copper compounds can dissolve and the copper ions are in the solution
54
What is the equation for how iron reduced copper ions in aqueous solution?
Cu2+ + Fe -------------> Cu + Fe2+
55
What type of ore is copper extracted by reduction using scrap iron?
Low grade ores
56
Why is scrap iron used to extract copper only from low grade ores?
It produces copper more slowly and has a lower yield
57
What are three advantages of using scrap iron to extract copper rather than reduction with carbon?
1. ) Scrap iron cheaper than carbon 2. ) You don't need as high temperatures saving energy and money 3. ) No carbon dioxide produced

AS Chemistry - Unit 2 (11 decks)

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