Unit 3.1.5 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What does empirical formula show?
The smallest whole number ratio of the number of atoms in a compound
What does molecular formula show?
The actual number of each atom in the compound
What does the structural formula show?
The molecule carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogen’s and functional groups
What does displayed formula show?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged with all the covalent bonds between them
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group
What rules do you have to use when naming organic compounds?
The IUPAC naming rules
What prefixes to you use if the longest straight carbon chain is 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 carbon atoms long?
1 - Meth 2 - Eth 3 - Prop 4 - But 5 - Pent 6 - Hex
What suffix do you use for alkanes?
-ane
What suffix do you use for alkenes?
-ene
How do you indicate the position of the double bond when naming alkenes?
You add the number carbon atom the double bond comes off before you add the suffix -ene
What prefixes do you use for haloalkanes?
Chloro -
Bromo -
Iodo -
What suffixes do you use for branched chains containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms?
1 - Methyl
2 - Ethyl
How do you show there is more than on halogen atom or branched chain on the molecule?
You the prefixes
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
What are isomer?
Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structures
What is meant by structural isomerism?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of covalent bonds
What are three examples of structural isomerism?
Chain, positional and functional group isomers
What is meant by chain isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon atoms
What is meant by positional isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but have the functional group attached to a different carbon atoms
What is meant by functional group isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional groups?
What do functional group isomers of alkenes usually begin with
Cyclo
Do molecules with more or less molecules have a higher boiling point?
Less
Why do molecules with less branches tend to have a higher boiling point?
The molecules can pack together more tightly and so the Van de Waal’s forces are stronger and take more energy to overcome
