Unit 3.1.5 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What does empirical formula show?

Answer 1

The smallest whole number ratio of the number of atoms in a compound

Question 2

What does molecular formula show?

Answer 2

The actual number of each atom in the compound

Question 3

What does the structural formula show?

Answer 3

The molecule carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogen’s and functional groups

Question 4

What does displayed formula show?

Answer 4

Shows how all the atoms are arranged with all the covalent bonds between them

Question 5

What is a homologous series?

Answer 5

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group

Question 6

What rules do you have to use when naming organic compounds?

Answer 6

The IUPAC naming rules

Question 7

What prefixes to you use if the longest straight carbon chain is 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 carbon atoms long?

Answer 7

1 - Meth
2 - Eth
3 - Prop
4 - But
5 - Pent
6 - Hex

Question 8

What suffix do you use for alkanes?

Answer 8

-ane

Question 9

What suffix do you use for alkenes?

Answer 9

-ene

Question 10

How do you indicate the position of the double bond when naming alkenes?

Answer 10

You add the number carbon atom the double bond comes off before you add the suffix -ene

Question 11

What prefixes do you use for haloalkanes?

Answer 11

Chloro -
Bromo -
Iodo -

Question 12

What suffixes do you use for branched chains containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms?

Answer 12

1 - Methyl

2 - Ethyl

Question 13

How do you show there is more than on halogen atom or branched chain on the molecule?

Answer 13

You the prefixes
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra

Question 14

What are isomer?

Answer 14

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 15

What is meant by structural isomerism?

Answer 15

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of covalent bonds

Question 16

What are three examples of structural isomerism?

Answer 16

Chain, positional and functional group isomers

Question 17

What is meant by chain isomers?

Answer 17

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon atoms

Question 18

What is meant by positional isomers?

Answer 18

Molecules with the same molecular formula but have the functional group attached to a different carbon atoms

Question 19

What is meant by functional group isomers?

Answer 19

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional groups?

Question 20

What do functional group isomers of alkenes usually begin with

Answer 20

Cyclo

Question 21

Do molecules with more or less molecules have a higher boiling point?

Answer 21

Less

Question 22

Why do molecules with less branches tend to have a higher boiling point?

Answer 22

The molecules can pack together more tightly and so the Van de Waal’s forces are stronger and take more energy to overcome