UNIT 315 Flashcards
What category of sugars is the most responsible for dental caries?
Non milk extrinsic
Name 3 secondary causes of periodontal disease
- Pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Epileptic drugs
- Xerostomia
- Smoking
Ratio of bacteria to interbaterial substances in plaque
70:30
Bacteria are attached to the surface of the teeth as a result of which glycol-protein later deposited first on the teeth?
Salivary/acquired pellicle
Which of the following toothpaste ingredients has the most effects on suppressing the formation of plaque?
Triclosan
Triclosan
- active ingredients in toothpaste to fight periodontal disease
Biological enzymes
Included in toothpaste to help with stain removal
Sodium fluoride
Increase tooth resistance to acid attack
Sodium saccharine
Added to toothpaste to give a pleasant taste to the product
3 examples of topical fluoride
Varnish Gel Foam Toothpaste Mouthwash
Topical fluoride
Applied directly to teeth
Fluoride varnish advantages
Targeted on area
High dosage
Topical fluoride disadvantage
Only available in surgery
Easily washed away
Tablets advantages
Home medication once a day
Know the dose taken
Tablets disadvantage
Easily forgotten
Water supply
1 ppm
Which instrument is used to remove supragingival interproximal calculus?
Push scaler
Periodontal hoe
Removing sub gingival and affected cementum
Name five signs of inflammation
Redness pain swelling heat loss of function
Which micro organism initiates the process of dental Caries?
Streptococcus mutants
What is an abscess?
A collection of pus which is made of dead white blood cells and bacteria
Think of two social factors that can affect oral health
Poverty/socio economic status
environment/ culture deprivation
PH level of mouth
7
Stephen curve
- Graph plotted on the pH level of the mouth
- The graph for show food intake will reduce pH level in the mouth to a level bad for teeth and then rises again with time
- The pH level at neutral in the mouth is seven and every time it drops below 5.5 it seems to be critical and acid attack happens
Super floss
Cleaning under bridge Pontic ( or ortho appliance)
Disclosing tablets
Show up areas of plaque
Interdental brush
Clean between teeth or under ortho appliance
What is the best way to deliver oral health advice about tooth brushing and flossing?
Skill - therefore demonstration (lead on with caries)
Gives three examples of topical fluoride
Gel
Toothpaste
Mouthwash
Varnish
Apart from water, state two other ways you can introduce systemic fluoride
Tablets or drops
Varnish advantage
Targeted on area
High dosage
Disadvantage fluoride
Only available in surgery
Easy washed away
Tablets advantage
Home medication once a day
Know the dose taken
Disadvantage tablets
Easily forgotten
What is the optimum concentration of fluoride when added to the water supply?
1ppm
Give two examples of visual aids that could be used to motivate a teenager with high decay rate to improve their oral hygiene
Models
Pictures of celebs
Leaflets
What is the most suitable matrix system to use when placing a class V restoration?
Cellulode (clear) cervical strip
Class I
Cavities on the occlusal surface of premolars and molars
Class II
Cavities Extends to two surfaces (MO or DO) on molars and ore molars
Class III
One surface cavity occurs mesial or distal on anteriors
Class IV (4)
Cavities on 2 surfaces extends into the incisor edge on anterior teeth (MI OR DI)
Class V
Will be buccal, palatal, lingual surfaces
Subgingival/occurs at the cervical margin of the tooth on any tooth
Likely to be filled with GIC
Class (VI) 6
Cavities on the Incisal edge of anterior teeth or occlusal cusp of posterior teeth
Dental enamel may be etched prior to the placement of a fissure sealant with which acid?
Phosphoric acid (ortho phosphoric acid)
Which lining material promotes secondary Dentine?
Calcium hydroxide
Impression paste and kalzinol have what in common
Zinc oxide eugenol
The greatest hazard from the use of mercury in the dental surgery is
Inhalation of fumes
Name the constituents in the amalgam alloy?
Silver, tin copper & sometimes zinc
Must be 69% silver
Alloy= powder only
Which organ does mercury poisoning affect?
Kidney
Effects of mercury toxicity on the body
- mercury binds to sulphydryl groups and inactivated key enzymes involved in preventing oxidative damage
- kidneys are most effective and lead to renal failure
- can also lead to brain damage
How can mercury first affect the body?
Brain - neurological (nerve) damage
What is an operculectomy?
Removal of operculum - gingivae that covers unerupted 8’s
Austin buccal retractor
To hold back flap
Periosteal elevator
To raise mucoperiosteal flap
Bone rongeurs
Removal of bone
Alveolectomy
Anaesthetic
To block electrical nerve transmissions to the brain
Sterile water
Acts to carry the solution for the other constituents and makes up the bulk of the cartridge
Buffering agents
Maintain the contents of the cartridge to a beau real PH 7.5 so they are neither acid or alkaline and do not irritate the soft tissues
Preservative
To give the adequate shelf life
Vasoconstrictor
Present in some types of LA and acts to prolong the action of the anaesthetic by closing local blood vessels so the solution is not carries so quickly into the blood stream
How much adrenaline is in lignocaine/xylocaine?
1:80,000
What is an injection called which is placed into the periodontal ligament of a tooth?
Intraligamentary
What is a self aspirating cartridge used for?
Prevent arterial injection
Which symptoms are signs of inflammation?
Pain and loss of function
What happens once a tooth has been root filled?
Tooth becomes brittle
Darken in colour
May require crowning to prevent fractures and possible XLA
How many ways to fill gaps/ missing teeth can you name?
Denture Implant Canter lever bridge Resin retained bridge Bonded bridge
List two reasons why a temporary crown or bridge is used?
Retain space
Over eruption
Stop sensitivity
What does class 3 malocclusion mean?
Reverse over jet
Retroclined incisors
Mandible bigger than maxilla
What does class 2 div 1 malocclusion mean?
Proclined incisors
Maxilla bigger than mandible
Removable appliance
Titling teeth
Fixed
Bodily move teeth
Derotate
Pull teeth in different directions
Functional
Muscles move
Retainer
Stabilise
Which of the following oral lesions may be presented cancerous?
Leukoplakia
Which is the following conditions is more prevalent in elderly patients?
Gingival recession
A diet which is high in saturated fats can lead to an increased risk of
Strokes
Which filling material requires undercuts for retention
Amalgam
Which type of foil can be used to mop up a small mercury spillage?
Lead
Which instrument is used to remove subgingival calculus?
Periodontal hoe
Why is a shield used during the polymerisation of a restoration?
To prevent damage to the retina of the eye
What type of matrix band is used for an amalgam filling?
Metal
Which prosthesis requires a metal framework try in?
Chrome cobalt denture
Which is the most effective option for replacing a missing tooth?
Implant
What is a temporary crown on a root treated tooth used to prevent?
Over eruption
Which is the most effective option for replacing multiple missing teeth?
Dentures
What is an advantage of using a fluoride toothpaste?
Increased enamel resistance
What is used to clean root canals?
Sodium hypochlorite
What are periosteal elevators used for?
Raising a flap
Why is a sinus floor lift operation carried out?
To create space for a implant
Following ended on tic treatment a tooth will become
Brittle
What is total removal of the pulp called?
Pulpectomy
What is one of the first stages of fitting a fixed orthodontic appliance?
Molar bands are cemented in position
What is advised for cleaning a fixed bridge?
Super floss
What is the first action of equipment fails?
Disconnect the equipment
Which material is used to take an impression for a reline?
Zinc oxide and eugenol paste
What does the preparation of a post crown require?
A root filled tooth
When is a long needle used during local anaesthetic?
Nerve block
What is the most important reason for moisture control?
To allow greater visibility
Which is the most effective way dental staff can deliver an oral health message to children under 10?
Give them a printed handout
Which are the symptoms of inflammation?
Pain and loss of function
Which one of the following terms is used to describe a disease condition involving inflammation of the supporting structure of the tooth?
Periodontitis
Which one of the following microorganisms is not involved with the production of the weak organic acids associated with enamel demineralisation?
Staphylococcus aureus
Example of a non milk extrinsic sugar
Dextrose
Which one of the following areas in the oral cavity is least effectively cleaned by manual tooth brushing?
Interdental area
Which one of the following moisture control techniques is the most successful at preventing tooth contamination during endodontic treatment?
Rubber dam
Which one of the following hand instruments is most likely to be used to place and contour composite filling material into an anterior tooth cavity?
Flat plastic
Which one is the correct classification of the email-palatal cavity in the upper right lateral incisor?
Class III
Use of a spoon excavator during dental procedure?
Remove softened Dentine
Which one of the following options is not a typical use of a mouth mirror during dental procedures?
Detect overhangs
What instruments is used to extirpate pulp contents during endodontic treatment?
Barbed broach
What burr is used during inlay prep to ensure no undercuts are produced?
Tapered fissure bur
What’s a reason for restoring a permanent tooth but not necessarily a deciduous tooth?
Aesthetics
What appliance is used to close an anatomical defect of the oral cavity that has been left following surgery?
Obturator
What material is not suitable for an inlay construction?
Glass ionomer
What’s a likely option for a patient to be provided with tooth discolouration?
Veneers
