Unit 3.1 - Scientific Principles and Processes

Question 1

What are the four key stages of the scientific cycle?

Answer 1

1. Hypothesis formed
2. Experiments carried out
3. Analysis of data and results
4. Evaluation of results and conclusions formed

Question 2

What is a negative result?

Answer 2

A failure to find an effect

Question 3

In what circumstances can a negative result be valid?

Answer 3

If the experiment is well designed

Question 4

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 4

A statement that proposes that there will be no significant evidence

Question 5

What manner should scientific reports be written in?

Answer 5

So that other scientists could repeat the experiment

Question 6

What are review articles?

Answer 6

They summerise current knowledge within scientific journals

Question 7

How is trust increased in scientific reports?

Answer 7

By citing others findings

Question 8

What is one benefit of peer reviews?

Answer 8

Tries to reduce the misrepresentation of science in the media

Question 9

Name the 3R’s used to prevent animal suffering?

Answer 9

Replacement, Reduction, Refinement

Question 10

What must always be sought from participants and what does it entail?

Answer 10

Informed consent - the right to withdraw and confidentiality

Question 11

What are two other ethical considerations?

Answer 11

Risk assessment and approval from independent ethics committee