Unit 3.1 Flashcards
80%
the complete genetic information (in DNA) in an organism.
Genome
a sperm or egg cell.
Gamete
the union of sperm and egg gametes to form a zygote.
Fertilization
the cell formed by the union of two gametes
Zygote
a specific physical characteristic.
Phenotype or Trait
an allele that produces the same phenotype in heterozygotes as in homozygotes.
Dominant
a trait that is expressed only when the determining allele is present in the homozygous condition.
Recessive
a heterozygous condition in which both alleles are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.
Codominance
any of the alternative forms /“flavors”of a gene sequence.
Allele
determining the order of nucleotides (As, Ts, Cs, and Gs) on a DNA molecule.
Sequencing
a chart of an individual’s ancestors used in human genetics to analyze genetic inheritance of certain traits.
Pedigree
a heterozygous condition in which both alleles are partially expressed, often producing an intermediate phenotype.
Incomplete dominance
a trait whose gene(s) travel on a sex chromosome (in humans, X chromosome).
Sex-linked
the original generation of “parents” in genetic crosses/breeding.
Parent Generation
think of this as the “kid” generation.
F1
this is the “grandkid” generation.
F2
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, like gametes do.
Haploid
Having a pair of each type of chromosome, so that the basic chromosome number is doubled, like human body cells typically do.
Diploid
components of an organism’s DNA that do not encode protein sequences.
Non-coding DNA
