Unit 3 - Volcanoes & Earthquakes Flashcards
be able to label batholith, stock, laccoliths, dike, sill
Label the vent and the crater
oki
How is a caldera different from a crater?
a calderea is a depression that hapens when the side of the volcano collapses in on its magma chamber whe the crater bowl shape around the vent
What causes a caldera to form?
collapses in on its magma chamber
At what temperatures do most rocks melt?
800 degrees- 1200 degrees
If rocks contain water, how is the melting point affected?
it melts at a lower temperature
Identify these two common types of igneous rock:
Which cooled slowly and which cooled quickly? How can you tell?
Which cooled underground and which came out of the volcano?
obsidian: quickly . extrusive
granite: cooled slowly (time to crystals) intrusive
What is viscosity?
the tendency of liquid to resist flow
How does temperature affect viscosity?
hot= less viscous
If the lava coming from a volcano has a high silica content, is the volcano more explosive or less explosive?
more
What is tephra?
rock fragments thrown into air during eruption
Below is a list of types of tephra that can erupt from a volcano. Number them from smallest to largest:
_____ bombs ______ ash ______ lapilli _______ dust
4 bombs 2 ash 3lapilli 1 dust
What is pyroclastic flow?
rapidly flowed and cloud of gas, and tephra
Describe the shape of of these types of volcanoes:
cinder cone:
shield volcano:
composite volcano (stratovolcano):
cinder cone: steep violently ejected lava
shield volcano: broad base, slope sides
composite volcano: fragment and layers of lava
Which type of volcano in Question 8 is produced by:
eruption of thin, nonviscous lava-
alternating layers of lava and tephra –
eruption of thick viscous lava –
sheild
composite
cinder cone
What causes most volcanoes to form?
movement of crust at plate boundry
The Hawaiian Islands are volcanoes that are not located near a plate boundary. What caused the volcanoes that formed these islands?
over hot spot
What is the definition of a fault? make sure you can identify
(caused by torsion) (caused by tension) (caused by compression)
strike slip, normal, reverse fault
Which of these types is the San Andreas Fault?
stike slip
The point within the earth where the earthquake begins is called the ___________________.
focus
The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the earthquake’s __________________.
epicenter
What is the name of the scale used to measure earthquake intensity?
vvv
rictor scale
How many times larger are the seismic waves of a 6.0 magnitude earthquake than the waves produced by a 2.0 earthquake? (Know how to use the formula to solve a problem like this)
10.10.10.10 = 10 to the fourth
10,000
How many times more energy is released in an 8.0 earthquake than in one that measures 5.0?
(Know how to use the formula)
32.32. 32 = 32,768
Why do so many of the 200,000 earthquakes that occur worldwide go unreported?
most are small or go unoticed
The major cause of death from an earthquake is _____________________________.
v
building collapses
What two characteristics do architects combine when designing a building in an earthquake-prone area?
- sturdy structure
- flexible
- reinforced
What causes a tsunami?
earthquake under water
To locate an earthquake epicenter, seismic data must be received and recorded at _____ seismic stations
3
Review the information you learned about your volcano for your volcano report. You will need to write a short paragraph telling me what you learned.
Volcán de Fuego
1. Antigua in guatamala once was center of trade
2.composite volcano - one most active
3.May 4 2023, last major erruption
4. June 3rd in 2018,
5. 201 confirmed deaths, 27 injured, and about 260 people missing.
