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DRRR > UNIT 3: VOLCANOES > Flashcards

UNIT 3: VOLCANOES Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of a Volcano (5) [ Top -> Bottom ]

A
  1. Pyroclastic / Tephra
  2. Vent
  3. Crater
  4. Conduit
  5. Magma Chamber
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2
Q

upward movement of molten rock to low pressure environment

A

decompression melting

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3
Q

formed in
1. hotspots
2. mid-ocean ridges

A

decompression melting

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4
Q

formed in
1. subduction zones
2. island arcs

A

flux melting

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5
Q

when H2O / CO2 is added to rock

A

flux melting

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6
Q

when a plate sinks underneath another

A

subduction zone

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7
Q

when equilibrium of lithostatic & magmastatic pressure is interrupted due to change of the latter

A

eruption

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8
Q

expresses size of volcanic eruptions

A

Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI)

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9
Q

VEI is based on (3)

A
  1. Volume of erupted ash
  2. Duration of eruption
  3. Type of explosion
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10
Q

Factors of Viscosity (3)

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Composition
  3. Dissolved Gases
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11
Q

ejected molten rock from volcano

A

lava

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12
Q

Magma Compositions (3)

A
  1. Basaltic
  2. Andesitic
  3. Rhyolitic
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13
Q

[COMPOSITION]
1. Silica Content - Least

A

Basaltic

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14
Q

[COMPOSITION]
1. Viscosity - Low
2. Explosivity - Least

A

Basaltic

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15
Q

[COMPOSITION]
Shield and Cinder Cones

A

Basaltic

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16
Q

[COMPOSITION]
1. Silica Content - Most

A

Rhyolitic

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17
Q

[COMPOSITION]
1. Viscosity - High
2. Explosivity - Greatest

A

Rhyolitic

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18
Q

[COMPOSITION]
Lava Domes

A

Rhyolitic

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19
Q

volcano deaths are caused mostly by

A

the explosive shower of the molten rocks

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20
Q

active ingredients needed for the volcanoes to erupt

A

dissolved gases / volatiles

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21
Q

volatiles depend on the _____ of the magma

A

composition

22
Q

[GAS]
1. Smell – lighting a match
2. Colorless

A

SO2 / Sulfur Dioxide

23
Q

[GAS]
1. Smell - Rotten Egg
2. Colorless

A

H2S / Hydrogen Sulfide

24
Q

[GAS]
1. Pale yellow

A

Fluorine / F2

25
Q

bone degeneration / mottling of teeth

A

fluorosis

26
Q

[GAS]
1. Colorless OR Fuming Liquid

A

Hydrochloric Acid / HCl

27
Q

reaction of SO2 to water

A

acid rain

28
Q

ejected materials such as volcanic rocks / gases / fragments

A

pyroclastic materials / tephra

29
Q

pyroclastic materials a.k.a

A

tephra

30
Q

Types of Tephra (3)

A
  1. Pumice
  2. Scoria
  3. Pele
31
Q

[TEPHRA]
ORIGIN: Plinian
COMP: Gas rich high silica content
TEXTURE: Lots of voids

A

Pumice

32
Q

[TEPHRA]
ORIGIN: Strombolian
COMP: Andesite & Basaltic
TEXTURE: Vesicular

A

Scoria

33
Q

[TEPHRA]
ORIGIN: Eruption of basaltic lava
COMP: Basaltic lava
TEXTURE: Tear drop / hair like

A

Pele

34
Q

mixture of different types of tephra moving down the slides of volcanic crater at high speeds

A

tephra flows

35
Q

falling of fine materials / ballistic projectiles from the sky

A

tephra falls

36
Q

Types of Tephra Flow (3)

A
  1. Merapi
  2. Pelean
  3. Soufriere
37
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
gravitational collapse of a lava dome

A

Merapi

38
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
release of nuee ardente

A

Merapi

39
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
turbulent fast movement of hot gas

A

nuee ardente

40
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
formation of block-and-ash deposit

A

Merapi

41
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
dome that blocks the conduit is exploded under pressure

A

Pelean

42
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
collapse of eruption due to loss of pressure

A

Soufriere

43
Q

[TEPHRA FLOW]
results in a pumice flow

A

Soufriere

44
Q

Effects of Tephra Flow (4)

A
  1. Burns
  2. Impact and Burial
  3. Inhalation of hot ash and gases
  4. Lahars and flooding
45
Q

size classification of tephra that’s a little bigger than ash

A

lapilli

46
Q

Types of Projectiles

A
  1. Volcanic Bombs
  2. Volcanic Blocks
  3. Lapilli
47
Q

[TYPE OF PROJECTILE]
from fresh magma

A

Volcanic Bombs

48
Q

[TYPE OF PROJECTILE]
from walls of the vent / crater

A

Volcanic Blocks

49
Q

wet cement-like mixture of volcanic material

A

lahar

50
Q

lahars mostly occur in _____ volcanoes

A

composite

51
Q

Lahar Sources (3)

A
  1. Rainfall
  2. Crater lakes
  3. Snow-covered tops

DRRR (1 decks)

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