Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

When a significant number of participants do not return their surveys. This could
result in bias.

Answer 1

Nonresponse bias

Question 2

Every person or object of interest in a study

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

Pick a sample and gather data about their past

Answer 3

Retrospective Study

Question 4

The control treatment used in medical experiments.

Answer 4

Placebo

Question 5

We must __________ aspects of the experiment that we believe will effect
response.

Answer 5

Control

Question 6

A sample in which each group of n units has an equal chance of being selected

Answer 6

Simple Random Sample

Question 7

When you randomly pick a starting point on a list and select every 5th person
thereafter.

Answer 7

Systematic Sampling

Question 8

When individuals from a subgroup of the population are not represented

Answer 8

Undercoverage

Question 9

When both those influencing the results and evaluating the results of an
experiment don’t know which treatment was applied to the participants.

Answer 9

Double Blind

Question 10

When entire groups, which are representative of the population are chosen
randomly for a survey.

Answer 10

Cluster Sampling

Question 11

A hopefully representative subset of the population

Answer 11

Representative Sampling

Question 12

A combination of specific levels of the factors in an experiment. For example, a
new medication plus a high level of exercise.

Answer 12

Treatment

Question 13

In an experiment, you need many subjects in order to assess the variation in
response and be confident our results are not just due to chance or other
variables.

Answer 13

Replication

Question 14

Pick a sample and follow them into the future, observing and collecting data about
the sample.

Answer 14

Prospective Study

Question 15

A data value (such as mean) attributed to the population or used as a value to
model the population.

Answer 15

Parameter

Question 16

When the population is subdivided and random samples drawn from each group.
The groups should each represent a group characteristic which may influence
response.

Answer 16

Stratified Sampling

Question 17

A variable that is used to group participants in an experiment before assigning
treatments.

Answer 17

Blocking Variable

Question 18

When you can’t determine which variable is effecting the difference in the outcomes of an experiment, then the variables are …..

Answer 18

Counfounded

Question 19

Anything in a survey design that influences the response

Answer 19

Response Bias

Question 20

When the sample is the entire population, we call this a _______________

Answer 20

Census

Question 21

A data value (such as mean) calculated from the sample.

Answer 21

Statistic

Question 22

In this experimental design, you first divide the participants into groups based on a variable or characteristic that you believe will affect the response. Then you randomly assign to subjects from each group to treatments.

Answer 22

Randomized Blocking
Design

Question 23

The individual persons or objects in the population or sample

Answer 23

Participant, Units, Subjects

Question 24

The variables that are manipulated in an experiment are called the …

Answer 24

Factors

Question 25

In an experiment, this evens out the effects of variables we cannot control or that we haven't even thought of.

Answer 25

Randomization

Question 26

The participants assigned to a baseline treatment level (not necessarily no treatment) used for comparison purposes in an experiment are the

Answer 26

Control Group

Question 27

The natural tendency of random samples to differ from each other

Answer 27

Sampling Variability

Question 28

When either those influencing the results or evaluating the results of an experiment don't know which treatment was applied to the participants.

Answer 28

Single Blind

Question 29

Conducting a survey when you have no control over who responds such as phone- in surveys

Answer 29

Voluntary Response Bias

Question 30

Polls, questionnaires, interviews of a sample of the population are examples of this.

Answer 30

Survey

Question 31

Generic term for the participants, subject, or objects in an experiment.

Answer 31

Experimental Unit

Question 32

When an observed difference is too large to be attributed to chance, we say that the difference is __________.

Answer 32

Statistically Significant

Question 33

Manipulate the environment and study the effects on individuals or objects. This is the only way to prove a cause and effect relationship between variables.

Answer 33

Experiment

Question 34

A sample in which the statistics gathered mirror the population. The best way to get this kind of sample is through a design that incorporates randomness

Answer 34

Representative Sample

Question 35

When one variable influences another, we say that they have what kind of relationship?

Answer 35

Cause and Effect

Question 36

In this experimental design, all experimental units have an equal chance of receiving any treatment. We do not group them by any common variable.

Answer 36

Completely Randomized Design

Question 37

A poor sampling method in which you choose subjects that are easy to find

Answer 37

Convenience Sampling

Question 38

The list of individuals representing the population from which a sample is chosen

Answer 38

Sampling Frame

Question 39

This type of variable is also called the factor in an experiment.

Answer 39

Explanatory Variable