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AP HUG - Unit 3 VOCAB > UNIT 3 - VOCAB > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - VOCAB Flashcards

1
Q

the beliefs, values,practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

A

Culture

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2
Q

material objects shared by a group, such as food or clothing

A

Culture Trait

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3
Q

visible objects and technologies that a culture creates, such as houses and buildings, clothing, tools, toys and land-use practices

A

Artifacts

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4
Q

structures and organizations that influence social behavior, such as families, governments, educational systems, and religious organizations; define the way people act around others and establish rules that govern behavior

A

Sociofacts

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5
Q

the central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas values knowledge and beliefs- are the slowest to change

A

Mentifacts

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6
Q

defined as the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time- tend to change quickly (technology helps speed up)

A

Popular Culture

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7
Q

composed of long-established behaviors, beliefs and practices that are passed down from generation to generation

A

Traditional Culture

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8
Q

shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people, play an important role in upholding traditions and keep traditional culture from changing

A

Cultural Norms

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9
Q

the tendency of ethic groups to evaluate other groups according to their preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

A

Ethnocentrism

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10
Q

the evaluation of a culture solely based on its unique standards

A

Cultural Relativism

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11
Q

a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

A

Cultural Landscape

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12
Q

how humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others– how do cultural landscapes influence and reflect a group’s identity, and vice versa

A

Identity

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13
Q

the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

A

Sequent Occupance

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14
Q

the state of religions to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

A

Ethnicity

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15
Q

cultural landscapes within communities of people outside of their areas of origin

A

Ethnic Neighborhoods

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16
Q

established building styles of different cultures, religions, and places– was originally influenced by the environment and is based on localized needs and construction materials

A

Traditional Architecture

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17
Q

emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to “modern” designs, which emphasized form, structure, and materials

A

Postmodern Architecture:

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18
Q

system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes beliefs, and values– the motives behind observable cultural behaviors and practices

A

Religion

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19
Q

a journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

A

Pilgrimage

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20
Q

is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

A

Language

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21
Q

help define what is unique about a place, such as its geographic features or history

A

Toponyms

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22
Q

can exist in homes, workplaces, and public areas; can be supportive, positive places or restrictive places; more restrictive for women

A

Gendered Spaces

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23
Q

is one’s most innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

A

Gender Identity

24
Q

spaces of acceptance for people such as members of the LGBTQ+ community who are sometimes marginalized by society

A

Safe Spaces

25
Q

the renovations and improvements conforming to middle class preferences

A

Gentrification

26
Q

refers to a communal space such as a coffee shop, fitness center, or bookstore that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)

A

Third Place

27
Q

fill a geographic location with meaning by connecting memories and feelings to it; continually adjusting, which impacts that person’s understanding of that place

A

Sense of Place

28
Q

is a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play and learn

A

Placemaking

29
Q

is a variation of a standard language specific to a general area; pronunciation, speed, word choice and spelling

A

Dialects

30
Q

the people who are loyal to belief, religion, or organization

A

Adherents

31
Q

separate organizations that unite a number of local congregations

A

Denominations

32
Q

a small group that has separated from an established denomination

A

Sect

33
Q

a force that unites a group of people

A

Centripetal Force

34
Q

a force that divides groups of people

A

Centrifugal Force

35
Q

the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place

A

Diffusion

36
Q

where a trait often originates and initially diffuses, or spreads, from there

A

Cultural Hearth

37
Q

Occurs when an aspect of culture spreads outward from where it originated

A

Expansion diffusion

38
Q

occurs when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently or two people or places that are next door or adjoining one another

A

Contagious Diffusion

39
Q

is that spread of an idea or treat from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

A

Hierarchical Diffusion

40
Q

occurs when the fundamental idea behind a cross cultural trait stimulates a new innovation

A

Stimulus Diffusion

41
Q

a common language used among speakers of different languages as the conquered people adopted the language of the Conqueror

A

Lingua Franca

42
Q

rather than leading to the adoption of a common cultural trait, interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultural elements blending together

A

Creolization

43
Q

as cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adopting one another’s ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits

A

Cultural Convergence

44
Q

conflicting beliefs, or other barriers can cause two cultures to become less similar; can happen when a person or group moves away from their core culture and is exposed to new cultural traits

A

Cultural Divergence

45
Q

where people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

A

Acculturation

46
Q

category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

A

Assimilation

47
Q

traits from two or more cultures blend together to form a new custom, idea, value, or practice (combining different cultural features into something new)

A

Syncretism

48
Q

diverse cultures coexist within a shared space; people in these spaces do not belong solely to one culture or another; they may share some cultural features with others around them while retaining some of their original cultural traits

A

Multiculturalism

49
Q

act of adopting elements of another culture; usually used to describe the adoption by a dominant culture of one or more elements of a minority culture

A

Cultural Appropriation

50
Q

where people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

A

Collectivist Cultures

51
Q

largest grouping of related languages and includes those languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth or origin

A

Language Family

52
Q

no known historic or linguistic relationship with any other known language

A

Isolate

53
Q

collection of languages within a family share a common origin and were separated from other branches and may some similarities in grammatical structure, but are so distinct that speakers of languages cannot understand each other

A

Language Branch

54
Q

languages within a branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

A

Language Groups

55
Q

attempt to appeal to a wide variety of people and are open to membership by all, regardless of a person’s location, language, or ethnicity

A

Universalizing Religion

56
Q

closely tied with a particular ethnic group generally in a particular region

A

Ethnic Religion

AP HUG - Unit 3 VOCAB (1 decks)

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