Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
niche generalist
can live under a wide range of conditions and has a higher tolerance to change
niche specialist
lives under a narrow range of conditions, limited diet, less tolerance to change
k selected species
energy put into long term survival, high parental care, larger, fewer offspring, type 1 curve
r selected species
energy put into reproduction, irregular cycles, small bodied, reproduce early, little parental care, type iii curve
biotic potential
maximum reproductive rate of a population in ideal conditions
survivorship curve
graph that shows the proportion of individuals surviving at each age for a given species
type I curve
late loss where most of the population survives longer
type II curve
death rate is consistent throughout lifespan
type III curve
high percentage of population dies early on in life
logistic growth model
restricted growth where there is exponential growth and then the rate slows down due to limiting factors
s shaped curve
rate slows down and maximum growth has been reached due to limiting factors
overshoot
when a quickly growing population exceeds the carrying capacity and experiences a dieback
die off
sudden decline in a population due to overshoot
carrying capacity (k)
the number of individuals that can be supported sustainably in a given area
population growth models
exponential or logistic growth patterns that show population growth
population growth rate
annual average rate of change of a population size
intrinsic growth rate (r)
compares growth rates of populations of species in different generation times
exponential growth model
unrestricted growth and acceleration
j shaped curve
exponential growth model
corridor
an area that connects wildlife that has been separated by human activity
metapopulation
a population of populations that is made of the same species with subgroups
inbreeding depression
causes reduced survival and fertility due to loss of genetic diversity
population
group of same species in an area
community
living populations in an area
population ecology
study of populations and how they change over time
population size (N)
same
population density
number of individuals in a specific area
population distribution
dispersion patterns of species geographically either clumped, random, or uniform
limiting resource
determines carrying capacity and is necessary for the survival of a population
sex ratio
ratio between male and female
age structure
proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a population at a given time
age structure diagram
shows population growth and demographic changes separating gender, as well as age groups based on reproductive age
population pyramid
population has high birth rates and most of the population is in the reproductive age group
infant mortality rate
the number of deaths children under 1 year old per 1,000 live births
child mortality
the number of deaths of children under 5 per 1,000 live births
total fertility rate (TFR)
average number of children a woman produces in her life
replacement level fertility
TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population to keep population size stable
density dependent factor
factors that affect population such as disease, competition, and predation
density independent factor
food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, climate changes
doubling time
figure out how long it would take for a population to double using the Rule of 70
demography
statistical study of size, structure, and movements of populations
demographer
an expert on statistics on the structure of human populations
immigration
internal movement of a population
emigration
external/leaving movement of a population
crude birth rate (CBR)
the number of live births a year per 1,000 divided by years
crude death rate (CDR)
the number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death
life expectancy
average time an organism is expected to live based on year, current age, and sex
net migration rate
the number of immigrants minus emigrants
population momentum
when a country’s fertility rate declines to replacement level, but the population still increases
developed country
country with a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technology
developing country
country with a lesser industrial base than other countries
