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AP Environmental Science > Unit 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

niche generalist

A

can live under a wide range of conditions and has a higher tolerance to change

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2
Q

niche specialist

A

lives under a narrow range of conditions, limited diet, less tolerance to change

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3
Q

k selected species

A

energy put into long term survival, high parental care, larger, fewer offspring, type 1 curve

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4
Q

r selected species

A

energy put into reproduction, irregular cycles, small bodied, reproduce early, little parental care, type iii curve

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5
Q

biotic potential

A

maximum reproductive rate of a population in ideal conditions

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6
Q

survivorship curve

A

graph that shows the proportion of individuals surviving at each age for a given species

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7
Q

type I curve

A

late loss where most of the population survives longer

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8
Q

type II curve

A

death rate is consistent throughout lifespan

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9
Q

type III curve

A

high percentage of population dies early on in life

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10
Q

logistic growth model

A

restricted growth where there is exponential growth and then the rate slows down due to limiting factors

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11
Q

s shaped curve

A

rate slows down and maximum growth has been reached due to limiting factors

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12
Q

overshoot

A

when a quickly growing population exceeds the carrying capacity and experiences a dieback

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13
Q

die off

A

sudden decline in a population due to overshoot

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14
Q

carrying capacity (k)

A

the number of individuals that can be supported sustainably in a given area

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15
Q

population growth models

A

exponential or logistic growth patterns that show population growth

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16
Q

population growth rate

A

annual average rate of change of a population size

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17
Q

intrinsic growth rate (r)

A

compares growth rates of populations of species in different generation times

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18
Q

exponential growth model

A

unrestricted growth and acceleration

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19
Q

j shaped curve

A

exponential growth model

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20
Q

corridor

A

an area that connects wildlife that has been separated by human activity

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21
Q

metapopulation

A

a population of populations that is made of the same species with subgroups

22
Q

inbreeding depression

A

causes reduced survival and fertility due to loss of genetic diversity

23
Q

population

A

group of same species in an area

24
Q

community

A

living populations in an area

25
Q

population ecology

A

study of populations and how they change over time

26
Q

population size (N)

A

same

27
Q

population density

A

number of individuals in a specific area

28
Q

population distribution

A

dispersion patterns of species geographically either clumped, random, or uniform

29
Q

limiting resource

A

determines carrying capacity and is necessary for the survival of a population

30
Q

sex ratio

A

ratio between male and female

31
Q

age structure

A

proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a population at a given time

32
Q

age structure diagram

A

shows population growth and demographic changes separating gender, as well as age groups based on reproductive age

33
Q

population pyramid

A

population has high birth rates and most of the population is in the reproductive age group

34
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of deaths children under 1 year old per 1,000 live births

35
Q

child mortality

A

the number of deaths of children under 5 per 1,000 live births

36
Q

total fertility rate (TFR)

A

average number of children a woman produces in her life

37
Q

replacement level fertility

A

TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population to keep population size stable

38
Q

density dependent factor

A

factors that affect population such as disease, competition, and predation

39
Q

density independent factor

A

food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, climate changes

40
Q

doubling time

A

figure out how long it would take for a population to double using the Rule of 70

41
Q

demography

A

statistical study of size, structure, and movements of populations

42
Q

demographer

A

an expert on statistics on the structure of human populations

43
Q

immigration

A

internal movement of a population

44
Q

emigration

A

external/leaving movement of a population

45
Q

crude birth rate (CBR)

A

the number of live births a year per 1,000 divided by years

46
Q

crude death rate (CDR)

A

the number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death

47
Q

life expectancy

A

average time an organism is expected to live based on year, current age, and sex

48
Q

net migration rate

A

the number of immigrants minus emigrants

49
Q

population momentum

A

when a country’s fertility rate declines to replacement level, but the population still increases

50
Q

developed country

A

country with a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technology

51
Q

developing country

A

country with a lesser industrial base than other countries

AP Environmental Science (4 decks)

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