Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Due process of law
A
- Denies the government the right to without due process of law to deprive people of life liberty and property
2
Q
Equal protection of the law
A
- A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government
3
Q
Selective incorporation
A
-Court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states
4
Q
Prior restraint
A
- Censorship of a publication
5
Q
Clear-and-present-danger test
A
- Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions
6
Q
libel
A
- writing that falsely injures another person
7
Q
Symbolic speech
A
- An act that conveys a political message
8
Q
Free-exercise clause
A
- First amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion.
9
Q
Establishment clause
A
- First amendment ban on laws “respecting an establishment of religion”
10
Q
Wall of separation
A
- Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion
11
Q
Exclusionary rule
A
- Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial
12
Q
Probable cause
A
- Reasonable cause to issue a warrant for arrest or search, more than suspicion.
13
Q
Good-faith exception
A
- An error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial.
14
Q
Civil rights
A
- The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable and unconstitutional differences
15
Q
Separate-but-equal doctrine
A
- The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities
16
Q
De jure segregation
A
- Racial segregation required by law
17
Q
De facto segregation
A
- Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
18
Q
Civil disobedience
A
- opposing a law on e might consider unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment
19
Q
Rational basis
A
- : a reason or ground (as for legislation or an action by a government agency) that is not unreasonable or arbitrary and that bears a rational relationship to a legitimate state interest
20
Q
Intermediate scrutiny
A
- a test courts will use to determine a statute’s constitutionality
21
Q
Strict scrutiny
A
- a Supreme Court test to see if a law denies equal protection because it does not serve a compelling state interest and is not narrowly tailored to achieve that goal. the highest standard of review which a court will use to evaluate the constitutionality of governmental discrimination.
22
Q
Police powers
A
- State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals
23
Q
Affirmative action
A
- Programs designed to increase minority participation in some institution
24
Q
Reverse discrimination
A
- Using race to sex to give preferential treatment to some people.
