Unit 3 - Transcription and Translation Flashcards
How is DNA used to guide the synthesis of the new RNA molecule?
A)
The template strand is read in a 5’ to 3’ direction synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
B)
The template strand is read in a 3’ to 5’ direction synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
C)
The coding strand is read in a 3’ to 5’ direction synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
D)
The coding strand is read in a 5’ to 3’ direction synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
The template strand is read in a 3’ to 5’ direction synthesizing a new RNA molecule in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
Once synthesized, the new mRNA molecule is identical in sequence (with the exception that ‘T’ is replaced by ‘U’) to …
A)
both, because the template and non-template strands have the same sequence.
B)
the non-template strand of original DNA.
C)
neither the template nor the non-template strand.
D)
the template strand of the original DNA.
The non-template strand of original DNA.
How are RNA hairpins related to termination?
A)
The hairpin turn prevents more NTPs from entering the active site of the enzyme, effectively shutting off the process of polymerization.
B)
A three-base repeat signals a stop sequence, and the RNA transcript is released.
C)
The hairpins are formed from complementary base pairing and cause separation of the RNA transcript and RNA polymerase.
D)
Release factors bind to sites on the hairpin turn, causing release of the RNA transcript.
The hairpins are formed from complementary base pairing and cause separation of the RNA transcript and RNA polymerase.
Which statement(s) is(are) correct with respect to prokaryotic transcription.
A)
Promoters are located on the template strand
B)
Promoters are located on the non-template strand.
C)
RNA polymerase synthesizes the new RNA molecule in a 3’ to 5’ direction.
D)
B and C
E)
A and C
Promoters are located on the non-template strand.
What molecule/feature ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the peptide chain with reading of a specific codon during translation?
A)
the CCA sequence at the 3’ end of the tRNA
B)
the methyl-guanosine cap of a properly modified mRNA
C)
the poly(A) tail of a properly modified mRNA
D)
the anticodon of a properly loaded aminoacyl tRNA
E)
the properly assembled RNA polymerase holoenzyme
The anticodon of a properly loaded aminoacyl tRNA
How does termination of translation take place?
A)
The ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA molecule.
B)
Hairpin turns of mRNA force the ribosome off the mRNA.
C)
The supply of loaded tRNAs is depleted.
D)
Stop codons with no corresponding tRNAs are read.
E)
Energy depletion causes termination.
Stop codons with no corresponding tRNAs are read.
Chloramphenicol blocks the peptidyl transferase reaction on ribosomes. The specific effect of this compound would be to …
A)
block the translocation steps in translation
B)
prevent peptide bond formation
C)
inhibit transcription
D)
prevent entry of aminoacyl tRNAs into the A site
E)
prevent recognition of the promoter sequences by sigma factor
Prevent peptide bond formation
Which of the following is possible in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes?
A)
concurrent transcription and translation
B)
post-transcriptional splicing
C)
simultaneous translation of a single mRNA by multiple ribosomes
D)
A and C
E)
A, B and C
Concurrent transcription and translation
Increased expression of a gene, in terms of greater amounts of the protein it encodes, could be achieved by …
A)
increasing transcription of that gene.
B)
inhibiting proteases that break down the protein it encodes
C)
increasing the half life of its mRNA transcript
D)
A and C
E)
A, B and C
Increasing transcription of that gene,
inhibiting proteases that break down the protein it encodes, increasing the half life of its mRNA transcript
What does RNA do?
Ability to form 3D shape, combine with enzyme proteins and for catalyst purposes
Differences between Ribose and Deoxyribose
Ribose has an OH group while Deoxyribose has an O group, Uracil = Ribose and Thymine = Deoxyribose
Transcription is …
Information storage and RNA synthesis
Translation is …
Information carrier and Protein synthesis
Template Strand is …
Strand where pre-mRNA is synthesized into RNA
Non Template Strand is …
Strand where promoter binds to in order to produce RNA
RNA Polymerase
Ability to open Alpha Helix and enables transcription to occur
Produces mRNA and NTPs
Transcription (Prokaryote) has a structure composed of …
Core Enzyme and Sigma
