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QCAA Psychology Unit 3 & 4 > Unit 3 Topic 1: Localisation of function of the Brain > Flashcards

Unit 3 Topic 1: Localisation of function of the Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

The central nervous system

A

comprised of the brain and spinal cord. Controls the body by processing and responding to sensory input from the PNS.

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2
Q

The peripheral nervous system

A

communicates information from the body to the CNS and to the body’s organs, glands and muscles.

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3
Q

Sensory neurons

A

carry information from the body and outside world to the CNS.

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

the division of the PNS that controls skeletal muscles and motor control.

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5
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that communicate messages from the CNS to muscles.

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6
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

a branch of the PNS consisting of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Controls all involuntary bodily functions.

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7
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

a branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the fight-flight-freeze response

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8
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

a branch of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for maintaining day-to-day functioning. The rest-digest response such as digestion, heart rate, breathing etc.

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9
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer surface of the cerebrum comprised of the lobes of the brain

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10
Q

corpus callosum

A

the band of neural fibres that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

frontal lobe

A

the largest lobe of the brain. Responsible for initiating movement, language, planning, problem-solving, emotions and higher order thinking.

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12
Q

parietal lobe

A

the location of the primary somatosensory cortex which is responsible for sensory processing and spatial awareness.

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13
Q

occipital lobe

A

located at the rear of the brain. The location of the primary visual cortex.

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14
Q

temporal lobe

A

located at the side of the brain above the ears. Responsible for processing auditory information. Contains Wernicke’s area and the primary auditory cortex.

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15
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells responsible for communication within the body

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16
Q

Broca’s area

A

the speech production centre of the brain

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17
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

part of the brain responsible for language reception and interpretation

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18
Q

Geschwind’s territory

A

area of the brain that provides a connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

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19
Q

reflex

A

simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

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20
Q

monosynaptic reflex arc

A

a reflex arc made up of only two neurons (one sensory and one motor)

21
Q

polysynaptic reflex arc

A

a reflex arc made up of multiple neurons, with one or more interneurons connecting the sensory and motor neurons.

22
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Key brain structure in voluntary movement - responsible for control of movement, gathering, collecting and channeling information from all areas of the brain.

23
Q

The cerebellum

A

Area of the brain responsible from coordinating and remembering smooth, well-sequenced voluntary movements

24
Q

The primary motor cortex

A

responsible for movement of the skeletal muscles of the body

25
Q

limbic system

A

structure of the brain consisting of the amygdala, hypothalamus and midbrain. Involved in memory, emotion and behaviour.

26
Q

hippocampus

A

area of the brain responsible for consolidation of explicit memories and transfer into long term memory storage.

27
Q

hypothalamus

A

a structure in the forebrain that plays a major role in controlling emotion and motivated behaviours such as eating, drinking and arousal

28
Q

Amygdala

A

brain structure central to emotion, aggression and implicit learning.

29
Q

pre-frontal cortex

A

connects brain regions that are involved in the processing and production of emotion.

30
Q

dendrites

A

a component of a nerve cell that receives information from other nerve cells and transports them to the cell body

31
Q

soma

A

largest part of the neuron. Controls metabolism and maintenance of the neuron. Also known as the cell body.

32
Q

axon

A

the part of the neuron along which the electrochemical nerve impulse is transmitted

33
Q

axon terminals

A

located at the end of the axon, it transmits messages to the next neuron by secreting neurotransmitters

34
Q

myelin

A

a white fatty substance that coats some axons and insulated them, protecting them from electrical interference. This increases the efficiency of transmission of nerve impulses

35
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that help communication across nerve impulses

36
Q

synapse

A

the connection between two neurons

37
Q

synaptic transmission

A

the process of neurons sending information to each other via neurotransmitters

38
Q

excitatory synapse

A

a neuron that receives information from another neuron

39
Q

inhibitory synapse

A

causes the target cell to become inhibited and less likely to cause an action potential

40
Q

action potential

A

a momentary change in the electrical potential of a cell, which allows a nerve cell to transmit a signal or impulse towards another nerve cell

41
Q

Glutamate

A

an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain involved in learning

42
Q

GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

A

an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Involved in arousal and sleep.

43
Q

Acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contractions, learning, memory and REM sleep

44
Q

epinephrine

A

a neurotransmitter and hormone involve in the stress resposne

45
Q

norepinephrine

A

a neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the stress response, alertness, arousal emotional regulation and attention

46
Q

dopamine

A

a neurotransmitter involved in thoughts, feelings, motivation and behaviour

47
Q

Serotonin

A

a neurotransmitter involved in regulation of mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain

48
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A progressive neurological condition known to affect the control of movement. Caused by degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons.

49
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a disease that progressively destroys neurons in the brain, causing memory loss. Amyloid plaques interfere with communication between neurons resulting in a decreased concentration of acetylcholine in the brain

QCAA Psychology Unit 3 & 4 (2 decks)

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