Unit 3: Third World Independence Flashcards
Coup d’etat
Forcible overthrow of a government
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to obey unjust laws
Imperialism
Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country
Colonialism
The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.
Collectivism
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it. the theory and practice of the ownership of land and the means of production by the people or the state.
Communes
In communist China, a collective farm on which a great number of people work and live together
Great Leap Forward
A Chinese Communist program from 1958 to 1960 to boost farm and industrial output that failed miserably
Cultural Revolution
A Chinese Communist program in the late 1960s to purge China of non-revolutionary tendencies that caused economic and social damage.
Partitition
A division into pieces
To divide (a country or territory) into separate, usually differing political entities.
Non-Alignment
Political and diplomatic independence from both Cold War powers
Indochina
a peninsula in SE Asia, between the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea, comprising Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, W Malaysia, and Burma (Myanmar).
Zionism
A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Mandate
Temporary control given over an area until it is capable of self-government
Kibbutz
A collective farm in Israel
List three reasons powerful nations obtain colonies
-political
-religious
-economic
List two ways that WWII led to great changes that ultimately led to independence for many former colonies
- Colonial powers were no longer invulnerable
- New focus on anit-colonialism in international arenas
Who was the leader of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War
Mao Zedong
Who was the leader of the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War
Chiang Kai-shek
Why did the Nationalists and the Communists cease fighting each other in 1937
to focus their energies and fight the Japanese in WWII
To where did the Nationalist Chinese flee following their defeat by the Communists in 1949
Taiwan
What is the official name for Communist China
People’s Republic of China
List two reasons the Nationalist lost to the Communists in the CHinese Civil War
- Nationalist forces continued to be weakened from engagements with the Japanese
- Communist forces grew in size and support from the more rural parts of unoccupied China
List two reasons the Communists won the Chinese Civil war
- Communists were able to mobilize a massive army of peasants with thier program of radical land reform
- began winning open battles against the KMT
Who were the Red Guard and what role did they play in the Cultural Revolution
They were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong; They set the Cultural Revolution into motion
What was the Great Leap Forward and why did it fail
It was an attempt to convert small family farms to urbanized communes while simultaneously urging them into industrial production and away from agricuture; It caused the deadliest famine in the history of China with 45 million people dead
What was the goal of the Chinese Cultural Revolution
Purge China of Bourgeois (middle class) tendencies
Who was Mohndas Gandhi and what protest strategy did he use against British rule in India
organized Indian resistance, fought anti-Indian legislation in the courts and led large protests against the colonial government called Civil Disobedience
What event caused Indians to turn into revolutionaries and nationalist and demand independence from Great Britian
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Conflict between what two major religious groups led to the partition of India in 1947
Muslims and Hindus
When India was partition in 1947 it was split into the ___ dominated India and the Muslim dominated ____
Hindu; Pakistan
Who was the first prime minister of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
Africa touches what two oceans
Atlantic and Indian
During the Indian partition, they both fought over the region of ____. Conflicting claims over this region have led to much tension and bloodshed between these two nations.
Kashmir
What large Central African country was once a colony of Belgium
Democratic Republic of Congo
What two European nations had the largest colonial empires in Africa prior to WWI
Britian and France
What are some of the natural resources in Africa that drew interest from colonizing nations
rubber, timber, diamonds and gold
What is the term from pride and devotion to one’s country and what changes did we see as a result of this
Nationalism; inspire people to break free of a foreign oppressor
What was the first sub-Saharan country to gain independence
Ghana
Define Zionism
a nationalist movement that emerged in the 19th century to enable the establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine
What is the term for the temporary control granted to a country over an area until that area is capable of self government
Mandate
What is the name of the holy city at the center of conflict in Palestine
Jerusalem
Following WWII the United Nations partitioned Palestine into seperate ____ and ____ states.
Palestinian Arab; Jewish
What happened one day after the Jews in Palestine proclaimed Israel to be a new country
The countries around all invaded
Explain the Palestinian Arab refugee problem
Descendants who that were either expelled or fled from their country relocate to Palestinian states but there is not enough room for them
What was the Israeli Kibbutz system
a community where people voluntarily live and work together on a noncompetitive basis
