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Government > Unit 3- The Three Branches > Flashcards

Unit 3- The Three Branches Flashcards

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1
Q

Two houses of Congress

A

House of Representatives

Senate

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2
Q

Reapportionment

A

Article one of the constitution directs congress to reapportion (redistribute) the seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial (10- census years)\

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3
Q

Census

A

The process of periodic checks of population

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4
Q

Gerrymandering

A

The practice of drawing the lines of electoral districts in order to limit the voting strength of a particular group or party (changing district boundaries to benefit certain lawmakers)

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5
Q

Constituent

A

A person represented by a legislature or other elected office

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6
Q

Number of people in the House of Representatives and term length

A

435; 2 years (no term limit)

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7
Q

House of Representatives member requirements

A

Age 25, citizen or naturalized, 7 year resident in state

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8
Q

Who votes for the members in HoR?

A

Only vote in your district

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9
Q

Number of members in the senate and term length

A

100 members; 6 years no term limits

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10
Q

Senate member requirements

A

Age 30, citizen or naturalized, live in state 9 years

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11
Q

Who can vote for senator?

A

Anyone in the state

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12
Q

Duties of HoR and Senate

A

Legislator (makes laws)
Commity members (screen bills)
Constituent representative (rep. Voter’s feelings)
Constituent servant (favors for citizens)
Politicians (keep in touch with party)

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13
Q

Bill

A

A proposed law

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14
Q

Tax

A

A charge the government had people pay to meet expenses

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15
Q

Power to declare war

A

CONGRESS CAN DECLARE WAR, raise and support army/navy, make laws for them, call militia to enforce laws

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16
Q

Copyright

A

The exclusive right of an author to reproduce, publish, and sell his or her work

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17
Q

Patent

A

Gives an inventor the right to make use, or sell “any new and useful art, machine, manufacture… Or any new and useful improvement.”

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18
Q

Trademark

A

Protection for words, phrases, logos, or symbols used to distinguish a product

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19
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

The clause (elastic clause) states that congress has the power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into the foregoing [expressed] powers”

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20
Q

Impeach

A

Bring charges against

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21
Q

The senates presiding officer is the

A

President pro tempore (when the Vice President is absent)

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22
Q

Resolution

A

A measure relating to the business of either house or expressing an opinion on a matter

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23
Q

Filibuster

A

A stalling tactic by which a minority of senators seek to delay or prevent Senate action on a measure

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24
Q

Quorum

A

A majority of the full membership must be present in order for business to occur

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25
Q

How a bill becomes a law

A

If it passes the house of rep (Senate), it goes to the Senate (HOR)
If it passes both houses, then it goes to President
With the president signed it, it becomes law

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26
Q

Qualifications to be president

A

35 years old
A natural born citizen
Live in the US for 14 (not necessarily consecutive) years

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27
Q

22nd amendment

A

Created in 1944 to limit presidents to no more then two full elected terms in office

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28
Q

Presidential succession

A 
Vice President
Speaker of the house
President pro tempore
Secretary of state
Secretary of the treasury
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29
Q

25th amendment

A

Adopted in 1967, the vice President now formally assumes the office of the president. It also addresses the disability issue-VP it’s given power during Presidents surgeries and illnesses

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30
Q

Formal Duties of the vice President

A

To press side over the Senate

Help to sign the question of presidential disability and secession

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31
Q

Presidential primary

A

And election in which a courteous voters choose state delegates to send to the national convention and/or express a preference for their parties presidential nomination

32
Q

Election day

A

On the Tuesday after the first Monday in November (even years) the voters cast their ballots

33
Q

Electors in the electoral college

A

Each state has as many electors as it had senators and representatives in Congress

34
Q

Responsibilities of the electoral college

A

Make the formal selection of the president

35
Q

Executive order

A

Directives, rules, or regulations issued by the president that have the force of law

36
Q

Appointment of cabinet members (who appoints? Who approves?

A

President appoints members – must be approved by majority vote of the Senate

37
Q

Treaty

A

A formal agreement between two or more independent states

38
Q

Who approves a treaty

A

2/3 Vote in the Senate

39
Q

Pardon

A

Legal forgiveness of a crime

40
Q

Reprieve

A

The postponement of the carrying out of a criminal sentence

41
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Large, complex structure that handles the every day business of an organization

42
Q

Federal budget

A

A very detailed Estimate of receipts and expenditures during the next fiscal year

43
Q

Who decides federal budget

A

The president creates the budget and Congress approves

44
Q

Controllable (discretionary) spending

A

Items in the federal budget and that the government can increase or decrease spending on each year

45
Q

Uncontrollable spending

A

Budget expenses that are either fixed by federal law or are largely out of government control year to year

46
Q

Entitlement

A

Benefits that must be paid under federal law to everyone who meets the eligibility requirements
Examples: Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps

47
Q

Article 3

A

The Constitution created the Supreme Court

48
Q

Precedent

A

Prior and judicial decisions that guide rulings on similar cases

49
Q

Original jurisdiction

A

The power held by the first court to hear a case

50
Q

Appellate jurisdiction

A

The power to hear a case on APPEAL from the court with original jurisdiction
(The higher court hears the case, no jury defendant or witnesses)

51
Q

Docket

A

List of cases to be heard by a court

52
Q

Criminal law

A

A court case in which a defendant is tried for committing crime; regulates citizens’ behavior and protects public order - go to jail

53
Q

plaintiff

A

The person who files a lawsuit

54
Q

Defendant

A

The person against whom a legal complaint is made

55
Q

Number of US Supreme Court justices

A

Nine

56
Q

Civil liberties “protection from”

A

Freedoms protected against unjust actions taken by the government

57
Q

Civil rights “defended by”

A

Freedom is protected by positive actions taken by the government

58
Q

14th amendment

A

It includes a due process clause, and states have to follow the Bill of Rights. They can’t deny basic rights

59
Q

First Amendment

A

Ratified in 1791, gives people freedom and five areas: religion, press, speech, petition, and assembly. It is the right to hear what others have to say

60
Q

Due process

A

The guarantee is that the government will act fairly and according to the law

61
Q

Search warrant

A

A court order authorizing a search

62
Q

Second amendment

A

Protects “the right of the people to keep and bear arms.” It also protects the right of each state to keep a militia

63
Q

Fourth amendment

A

It is illegal, in most cases, for the government to search a home out good reason

64
Q

Probable cause

A

Reasonable suspicion of a crime

65
Q

Indictment

A

A formal complaint made to a grand jury that charges the accused with one or more crimes

66
Q

Fifth amendment

A

The accused doesn’t have to prove his/her innocence. Don’t have to testify against yourself

67
Q

Double jeopardy

A

Principle that holds that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

68
Q

Miranda rule

A

The requirement that police officers must inform suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning them

69
Q

Sixth amendment

A

The defendant must be told the reason for the charge. It also covers other rights as well

70
Q

Eighth amendment

A

Protections for those being punished for crimes (excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment)

71
Q

Bail

A

Money deposited by an accused person with the court to guarantee that he/she will appear in court

72
Q

Capital punishment

A

A.k.a. death penalty we currently use the method of lethal injection

73
Q

Segregation

A

The separation of one group from another From another on the basis of race

74
Q

Citizen

A

A person who owes allegiance to the US and is under the protection of its laws

75
Q

Civil law

A

A court case dealing with a noncriminal disputes; deals with citizens’ behavior that doesn’t involve a crime

Government (4 decks)

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