unit 3: the benefits of music and musical training Flashcards
(43 cards)
what is musical proficiency
musical intelligence
- skilled at performing = communicate emotional meaning through body gestures, facial expressions
what are types of musical intelligence
a. expert cognitive skills (thinking, planning)
b. expert motor skills (piano, guitar)
what are some questions from an aptitude test that can be asked regarding a person’s musical intelligence?
- I listen to music
- I move my fingers or feet when I hear music
- I have good rhythm
- I like to sing along with music
- enjoy singing and playing musical instruments
- recognizes musical patterns and tones easily
what are some early views of intelligence?
- person’s score on a standardized test = intelligent quotient (IQ)
*implies that intelligence is a SINGLE ability - Gardner’s theory of MULTIPLE intelligences
what are Gardner’s multiple intelligences (8)
- linguistic
- logical/mathematical
- musical
- bodily-kinaesthetic
- spacial
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
- naturalistic
define linguistic intelligence
- writers, poets, lawyers
- ability to understand and express language
define logical/mathematical intelligence
- scientists, engineers
- logic = planning, problem solving, common sense
define musical intelligence
- musicians, composers
- ability to produce or understand music
define bodily- kinaesthetic intelligence
- athletes, dancers, surgeons
- movement intelligence
- body intelligence (involves coordination)
define spacial intelligence
- architects, artists
- understand how things orient in a space
- ex: puzzles, parallel parking
define interpersonal intelligence
- educators, leaders
- interacting with others
define intrapersonal intelligence
- philosophers, psychologists
- understanding interactions with self
define naturalistic intelligence
- scientists, naturalists, conservationists
- understanding of nature
what is Gardner’s theory partly based on
his work with savants
what is a savant
people with severe mental disabilities and impaired social skills but have other extraordinary abilities (usually memory, math, art, or music)
*around 10% of people are considered savants
ex: Derek Paravicini = the British musical savant
what others can have musical intelligence
- people with Williams syndrome
what is Williams syndrome
- rare neurodevelopment disorder
- missing 26 genes from chromosome 7
- show severe intellectual impairment but… a great love of music (creative)
what is a child prodigy
- typically younger than 13
- performing at the level of a highly trained adult in a very demanding field of endeavour
- most long term studies are of GIFTED children (not necessarily prodigies)
how are the children followed
- children with high IQs followed for many years
- linked to many positive outcomes (academic and career success, physical health)
what is the problem with labeling kids as “gifted”
- treated differently by their parents and teachers = pressures from high expectations
- higher incidence of emotional problems = burnout, depression, low self-esteem but… becomes better with increasing age
what 3 factors are related to the development of music skills
- environmental factors
- motivational factors
- emotional factors
define environmental factors
- opportunities to participate in musical activities (observational learning)
- access to music lessons (earlier they begin, more time for practice)
- most professional musicians start lessons between ages 6-8
- over the course of many years can accumulate > 10 000 hours
define motivational factors
- intrinsic motivation
- extrinsic motivation
what is intrinsic motivation
- engage in activities for enjoyment, self-satisfaction
- determines persistence and how rewarding experience will be
