Unit 3 Test Review Flashcards
Analogy
A comparison between two items based on a similar characteristic or feature.
Ethos
Arguments or appeals using the moral or ethical qualifications of the speaker for or against an issue
Pathos
Arguments or appeals to someone’s emotions or feelings for or against an issue
Logos
Arguments or appeals to logic or reason for or against an issue
Situational Irony
When what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected. Something about the situation is completely expected.
Dramatic Irony
When the reader understands more about the events of a story than a character. You know something that a character doesn’t.
Verbal Irony
A character says something but means the opposite. Also called sarcasm or being sarcastic
Claim
The position that a speaker/writer presents and defends. Example when talking about the ban on soda: “Obviously it’s not about soda. It’s because such a ban suggests that sometimes we need to be stopped from doing foolish stuff.”
Reasons/Evidence
Information that supports the claim and shows that it is right or true. Example when talking about the ban on soda: “Research by psychologists and behavioral economists, including Nobel Peace Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman and his research partner Amos Tversky, identified a number of areas in which we fairly dependably fail. They call such a tendency a “cognitive bias,” and many of them–a lot of ways in which our own minds trip us up.”
Call To Action
The next step or the action the author wants their audience to take
Juxtaposition
The act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect
Direct Address
Direct address is a construction in which a speaker or writer communicates a message directly to another individual or group of individuals.
Bandwagon
The bandwagon fallacy is also sometimes called the appeal to common belief or appeal to the masses because it’s all about getting people to do or think something because “everyone else is doing it” or “everything else thinks this.”
Circular Reasoning
A type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premises, which is supported by the proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful information is being shared.
Loaded Language
The term “loaded language” refers to words, phrases, and overall verbal and written communication that elicit a strong emotional response from the reader or listener.
