unit 3 test Flashcards
Civil liberties
Personal freedoms protected from arbitrary governmental interference or deprivations by constitutional guarantee.
Establishment clause
In the first amendment in order to prevent the federal government from establishing a national religion.
Free exercise clause
prevents governments from stopping religious practices, it is generally upheld unless the act is illegal or threatens the interests of the community.
Libel
a published false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation; IN PRINT. Seditious Libel was a charge that resulted in fines and/or jail time for anyone who criticized public officials or governmental policies, members of the first congress were tired of this so they put it in the 1st amendment.
Slander
False spoken statement.
Prior restraint
Action to stop someone from abridging the first amendment before it is released, the government has no power to do this.
Selective incorporation
How selective provision from the bill of rights will apply to the states, such as gun laws this is provided by the 14th amendment of equal protection that gives everyone the same protections as citizens. There are only certain things added to the states because most of the amendments was for the government.
Metadata
All the cell phone communication information minus the actual conversation; who is calling who, when and for how long.
Miranda rule (Miranda Rights)
- rights granted to individuals in the United States upon arrest. You’ve likely heard the familiar words: “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law, you have a right of an attorney if you cannot afford an attorney then one will be appointed to you”.
Exclusionary rule
evidence the government finds or takes in violation of the fourth amendment can be excluded from trial.
Equal Protection Clause
Priority of freedom and equality to all citizens.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned the discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex and nation orgin. This law banned segregation in public places such as school, JKF instituted this but died before it was finalized.
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972
Guaranteed that women have the same educational opportunities as men in programs receiving federal government funding.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The law effectively ended literacy tests.
Affirmative Action
A label when an institutional efforts to diversity by race, gender or otherwise.
