Unit 3 test Flashcards
“Dark Ages”
Began after the fall of the Roman Empire and extended to the start of the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery
Barbarossa
One of the 3 European monarchs who led the Third Crusade
Benedict
Italian monk began writing a book describing
a strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries
Benedictine rule
A book of precepts written in Latin by St Benedict of Nursia for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot.\
Bubonic Plaque/ Black Death
A disease that killed 25-50% of the population and was sent over by Fleas over seas.
Cannon law
Set of ordinances and regulations made by the government. Divided into 7 books. On matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance.
Charlemagne
Someone who reintroduced Roman learning. King of the Franks.
Clovis
Roman province of Gaul leader.
Charels Martel
held more power than the king. extended the Franks’ reign to the north, south, and east. He also defeated
Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Dante Alighieri
An Italian poet, writer and philosopher wrote the Divine Comedy.
Feudalism
Political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king on exchange for their loyalty, military, protection of people who live on their land.
Fief
An estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
Crusade
Crusades had economic, political, social, religious goals. kings and the Church both saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other.
Gothic cathedrals
Gothic was a new style of architect and cathedrals were big churches where people worship. Heavenly looking, made of stone and timber, revolved around Notre Dame.
Francis of Assisi
Was an Italian mystic and Catholic friar who founded the Franciscans, One of the most venerated figures in Christianity
Guild
Was an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to
improve the economic and social conditions of its members.
Knight
A medieval European armored warrior who fought on horse back.
Lord
In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals, land owners.
Magna Carta
A document drawn up by English Nobels and reluctantly approved by King John, guaranteed certain basic political rights. All must obey the law, even the
king. Its guaranteed rights are an important part of modern
liberties and justice.
Merovingian Dynasty
Was the ruling family of the Franks
Pope Urban II
He issued a plea that ended in the First Crusade, he assured listeners that God was on their side
Richard the Lion-Hearted
He joined the Third Crusade, leaving others to rule England in his place. Richard mounted a siege on the city of Acre. Not strong enough to defeat Crusade. The city fell, Richard had the Muslim survivors—some 3,000 men,
women, and children—slaughtered.
Rose windows
Circular window especially used for those found in Gothic cathedrals and churches. The windows are divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.
Sacrament
Sacrament
Saladin
Most famous Muslim
leader of the 1100s, he wished to chase the Crusaders back into their own territories.
Second Crusade
In 1144, Edessa was reconquered by the Turks. The Second Crusade was organized to recapture the city. Struggled to defeat. Jerusalem itself had fallen to a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader Saladin.
The Divine Comedy
New ideas and forms of expression began to flow out of the universities. Written by Dante Alighieri
The Treaty of Verdun
divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I, the son and successor of Charlemagne.
Third Crusade
To recapture Jerusalem was led by three of Europe’s most powerful monarchs. Philip II (Augustus) of France, German emperor Frederick I
(Barbarossa), and the English king, Richard the
Lion-Hearted.
Thomas Aquinas
The scholar argued that the
most basic religious truths could be proved
by logical argument, wrote the Summa Theologica.
three-field system
Villages began to organize
their lands into three fields instead of two. two of the fields were planted and the
other lay resting for a year. Farmers could grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, food supply increased.
tithe
A church tax.
vassals
A person that receives a fief. 2nd most powerful, wealthy land owners-bishops and nobles.
William the Conqueror
The invader of the Norman Conquest was William, duke of Normandy.
The code of honor that knights were expected to follow
Chivalry
In the manor system, serfs had to
stay on the land for life
What described the role of the church
Hosted major events in peoples life
Part if a vassal’s obligation under his feudal contract was to
Serve all his lords
Why did castles emerge?
Defense
Papal supremacy means
Pope had authority over the kings
What was not a cause of the Crusades
Established new trading relationships
What was not an effect of the crusades?
Crusades ended Christianity
As a response to overcrowding residents of medieval cities built what
Taller houses and shops
What best describes Europe during the Dark Ages
Learning slowed
Who reintroduced Roman learning
Charlemagne
First Crusade
Three armies of knights and people of all classes had
gathered outside Constantinople. They were not prepared for this war. July15, 1099, they captured the city. Won a narrow strip of land
