unit 3 test Flashcards
Mining the resource
exploiting a renewable resource in an unsustainable way
Sustained yield management
the process of managing a renewable resource to ensure that the amount harvested does not causes long-term deletion of the resource. The harvest is equal to or less than the amount replenished each year.
Old-growth Forest
a forest that has never been logged
Algaculture
fish fishing
Inshore fishery
commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small, independently owned boats.
Offshore fishery
commercial fishing carried out further from shore in larger company-owned boats.
Absolute measure
A quantity of something using simple units using kilometers, dollars, or number of people.
Relative measure
A quantity of something compared to the quantity of something else using units such as parentage or ratios (ex. People per square km)
Continental shelf
the part of the ocean that is next to the continents, usually less than 200 meters deep.
Banks
the shallow part of the continental shelf that is good for fishing.
GDD
growing degree days
Intensive
Involves relatively small areas of land
Requires large amounts of labor
Is located near large urban areas and produces products such as dairy products for the nearby large population
extensive
Involves large areas of land
Requires relatively small amount of labor
Produces products such as wheat and cooking oil for export
groundfish description
Fish that feed and are caught near the ocean floor
shellfish description
Animals without backbones but with hard, p0rotective shells
Pelagic fish description
Fish that feed and are caught near the surface Animals without backbones but with hard, p0rotective shells
Pelagic fish examples
Salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, capelin
Groundfish examples
Salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, capelin
shellfish examples
Shrimp, lobsters, oysters, scallops, mussels
farming definition
Soil is the renewable resource on which farming relies. While a relatively small part of Canada’s land is used for commercial agriculture, it is a vitally important resource for supplying food to Canadians and for export.
commercial fishing definition
Commercial fishing is locally important in Atlantic Canada, British Columbia, parts of Québec, and some inland lakes. Fishing is important as a source of food and a source of income, there are commercial fisheries all around the world.
forestry definition
Trees are obviously the renewable resource used in forestry. A wide swath across Canada is covered with forests and is used for forestry.
Forests are important in most countries for producing lumber, paper, and firewood, but only a few large countries are major exporters of forest products.
forestry Resource(s) needed
A climate and soils that are appropriate for the type of trees are required. Existing forests provide seeds for new generations of trees. Forestry can be thought of as a form of agriculture that has a growing season many years long.
farming Resource(s) needed
A suitable climate (temperature measured in number of growing degree-days; sufficient precipitation) and deep, fertile soils are required.
commercial fishing Resource(s) needed
Naturally occurring fish stocks are required.
commercial fishing Problems:
Fish stocks are too often mined. Orange roughy, Chilean sea bass, and Atlantic Canada’s cod are just a few examples of fish that have been harvested unsustainably. Pollution of the ocean can reduce the numbers of fish and make the fish dangerous to eat.
farming Problems:
Soil deterioration is a very important, but rarely discussed, problem. Bad farming practices can result in soil being eroded into rivers or fertility being washed out of the soil. Most cities are built on land that is well suited for farming, so urban growth reduces the amount of farmland available.
forestry Problems:
Poor forestry practices can result in scrub bush replacing a
high-quality forest. Soil erosion can be a serious concern in hilly areas.
Land class downgrading factors (7)
climate limitations, such as low GDDs, Low total precipitation, or low in the growing season precipitation
Soil damaged by erosion
Stony soil
Shallow soil (less than 1 metre pf soil above bedrock)
Poor soil quality
Land that is too hilly
Excess water in the soil
What does CLI stand for?
Canada Land Inventory
If a land area has 1100 of these what are they?
GDD Growing – Degrees – Days
When did the CLI come into effect?
1960’s
How many people are involved in Farming?
315 000
Which fishery accounts for 10% of total catch?
Inshore
what is the risk of Forestry being used unsustainably?
Moderate to High
What are the 3 categories of fish caught in Canada?
Groundfish, Pelagic fish, Shellfish
How many classes are there in the Land Quality Survey?
7
How many of them are good for farming?
1-4
What is the best way to measure moisture supply and demand?
Aridity Index
Name 3 out of the 7 poor land qualities.
Climate limitations, Extra water in soil, poor soil, Stoney soil, Shallow soil, Too hilly, soil damaged by erosion
What is the measurement of 1 Hectare?
100 metres x 100 metres
What year did the first fishing boat come to Canada?
1497
