UNIT 3 TERRORISM Flashcards
International conflicts and issues have many political causes. Describe in detail two political causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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One political cause of terrorism is rebelling against governments. This is when groups of people, aka rebels, may resort to terrorism in order to bring about social/political change. For example, ISIS aiming to capture and govern territory in Syria and Iraq.
International conflicts and issues have many political causes. Describe in detail two political causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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Another political cause of crime is fighting for independence of a region. This is when people want independence for their own countries/regions. They feel this cannot be done peacefully and so turn to violence/terrorism in order to achieve their goals. For example, the ETA have fought for the independence of the Basque region of Spain.
International conflicts and issues have many political causes. Describe in detail two political causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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A final political cause of terrorism is right wing extremism. This is when people have extreme political views that are often seen as Neonazi, Fascist, White supremacist and white nationalist views. Attacks are often carried out by people who disagree with multiculturalism and societies allowing diversity. For example, a man shouting ‘Britain first’ shot and stabbed Jo Cox MP because he didn’t agree with her view that a multicultural UK was a good thing.
International conflicts and issues have many social causes. Describe in detail two social causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied
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One social cause of terrorism is religion and religious extremism. Religion has been associated with terrorism for centuries. People who commit terrorist actions in the name of religion are often called religious extremists. For example, ISIS has carried out many attacks in the name of religion, for example, the attack in Syria on the 21 January 2022 in which dozens were killed.
International conflicts and issues have many social causes. Describe in detail two social causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied
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Another social cause of terrorism is radicalisation. This when people become radicalised, meaning they become fixed on a certain extreme viewpoint and carry out terrorism because of these extreme views. For example, Salman Abedi carried out the 2017 Manchester bombing of the Ariana Grande concert. He was known to have been radicalised by ISIS.
International conflicts and issues have many social causes. Describe in detail two social causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied
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A final social cause of terrorism is exclusion from society. This is when someone carries out a terrorist attack as they have beliefs/ideologies that set them apart from the rest of society and carry attacks out in part due to social isolation. Attacks like these are often called lone wolf attacks and the perpetrator isn’t necessarily part of a wider terrorist group. For example, Anders Breivik carried out the Norway 2011 attack on his own.
International conflicts and issues have many economic causes. Describe in detail two economic causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied
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One economic cause of terrorism is a lack of economic opportunities. This is when people are living in extreme poverty, so they may turn to terrorism to try to rebel against the leaders/government that are responsible for their living conditions. Terrorist groups can provide earnings for deprived people who have no other opportunities. For example, in Somalia in Africa, most of the current generation have grown up in conditions of conflict, insecurity of livelihood and deprivation, which has made them vulnerable to the arguments and promises of militant group al-Shabaab.
International conflicts and issues have many economic causes. Describe in detail two economic causes of an international conflict or issue you have studied
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Another economic cause of terrorism is economic sanctions and blockades. Economic blockades like those in Gaza have an extremely negative impact on the region’s economy, leading to huge levels of unemployment and terrorist groups can rebel against this to try to lessen the restrictions on their trading/economic activities. For example, over 70% of Gaza is living in poverty and this forms part of the reason that terror attacks by Hamas are carried out against the Israeli blockade.
International conflicts and issues have an impact on people directly involved. Describe, in detail, two ways an international conflict or issue you have studied has an impact on people directly involved.
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One way that terrorism has an impact on people directly involved is that it can result in injury or death. This is when, due to the violent methods used by terrorists, those who are near or involved in an attack are likely to experience bodily harm. This can include broken bones, disability and chronic pain. For example, in the Orlando Nightclub shooting in 2016, 49 died and 53+ people were injured.
International conflicts and issues have an impact on people directly involved. Describe, in detail, two ways an international conflict or issue you have studied has an impact on people directly involved.
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Another way terrorism has an impact on those directly involved is through trauma for survivors. This is when, due to the harrowing scenes they have witnessed, survivors can experience PTSD, shock, guilt, grief, and emotional numbness. For example, 70% of survivors of the 2011 Norway attack have suffered psychologically and many have shown signs of PTSD
Countries and their governments are often affected by conflicts and issues in other countries. Explain, in detail, two reasons why the conflict or issue you have studied has an impact on other countries and their governments.
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One reason why terrorism has an impact on other countries and their governments is because of the cost of rebuilding. This is due to terrorism destroying economic resources such as buildings and transportation systems. For example, in Syria, the cost of infrastructure damaged was estimated to be $117.7 billion.
Countries and their governments are often affected by conflicts and issues in other countries. Explain, in detail, two reasons why the conflict or issue you have studied has an impact on other countries and their governments.
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Another reason why terrorism has an impact on other countries and their governments is because of the negative impact on tourism. This is when many people are unwilling to travel to a country that has experienced terrorist attacks. Many governments recommend against travelling to those destinations which may cause issues with travel insurance. For example, in Tunisia in 2015, an ISIS gunman massacred 38 people on a holiday beach resort in Sousse and consequently the annual visitor numbers fell by over 2 million.
International conflicts and issues have many regional/international consequences. Describe, in detail, two regional/international consequences of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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One regional/international consequence of terrorism is an increase in people displaced. This is when there is an increase in refugees due to terrorism-related conflict. Consequences of displacement will be felt decades after the conflicts have ended. People have lost all of their belongings, and families have been split up. For example, 6.5 million refugees have escaped from Syria
International conflicts and issues have many regional/international consequences. Describe, in detail, two regional/international consequences of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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Another regional/international consequence of terrorism is the death of refugees and migrants. This is when people who are forced to flee from violence in their home countries often put themselves in danger to reach their destination, which can have fatal consequences. For example, in 2024 alone, around 2,200 people died or went missing in the Mediterranean sea trying to reach safety in europe.
International conflicts and issues have many regional/international consequences. Describe, in detail, two regional/international consequences of an international conflict or issue you have studied.
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A final regional/international consequence of terrorism is political divisions due to the high number of refugees and migrants entering the EU. Mass migration is Europe’s defining political challenge, creating huge stresses, major political divisions, and incessant squabbling about how best to deal with and resolve the crisis. For example, the refugee and migrant crisis played a part in the Brexit vote, with UK citizens believing that the EU was letting too many migrants in.
International organisations have many reasons for attempting to resolve international issues and conflicts. Explain, in detail, two reasons why it has attempted to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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One way NATO has attempted to resolve terrorism is through intelligence gathering and sharing. This is a key part of what they do. Through surveillance, including air and sea surveillance, they are able to track and prevent terrorist organisations from attacking NATO countries. For example, Operation Sea Guardian is a NATO maritime security operation taking place in the Mediterranean Sea. It has been ongoing since 2016 and is part of NATO’s counter terrorism mission in the Mediterranean.
International organisations have many reasons for attempting to resolve international issues and conflicts. Explain, in detail, two reasons why it has attempted to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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Another way that NATO is attempting to resolve terrorism is through innovation. This means that through new and enhanced technologies, NATO aims to protect its members. Together, they collaborate in the creation of new technologies to track and tackle terrorism. For example, one of NATOs main missions is the Ballistic Missile Defence System (BMD), which allows them to track ballistic missiles being fired at NATO countries by terrorist organisations and prevent these missiles from reaching the target.
International organisations have many reasons for attempting to resolve international issues and conflicts. Explain, in detail, two reasons why it has attempted to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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A final way that NATO has attempted to resolve the issue of terrorism is by providing education and training militaries. NATO soldiers are often deployed to other countries to train, educate, and teach other militaries ways to deal with terrorism and terror attacks. For example, the NMI is a non-combat mission that aims to strengthen Iraqi security institutions against ISIS. It was launched in October 2018 and expanded in February 2021.
Non-military responses have attempted to resolve international conflicts/issues. Describe, in detail, two non-military attempts to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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One way that the EU attempts to resolve terrorism is through investigating and tracking terrorist organisations. Europol (the European law enforcement agency) works to make Europe safer by helping the member nations of the European Union in the fight against serious international crime and terrorism. For example, Europol uses the expertise of 700 staff to identify and track the 4 most dangerous terrorist networks in Europe.
Non-military responses have attempted to resolve international conflicts/issues. Describe, in detail, two non-military attempts to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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Another way the EU attempts to resolve terrorism is by sharing intelligence among EU countries to prevent attacks. The EU share all of their intelligence on terrorist organisations and potential terrorist threats among all 27 EU members. Many potential attacks have been prevented by sharing this intelligence. For example, law enforcement authorities in the EU rely on sharing this intelligence to carry out almost 12,000 cross-border investigations each year.
Non-military responses have attempted to resolve international conflicts/issues. Describe, in detail, two non-military attempts to resolve an international issue or conflict.
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A final way the EU attempts to resolve terrorism is through the EU terrorist list. As part of its response to terrorism, the EU established a list of persons, groups, and entities involved in terrorist acts and subject to restrictive measures. The list is reviewed regularly, at least every 6 months. For example, as from September 2016, the EU can apply its own sanctions to ISIL and Al-Qaida and persons and entities associated with or supporting them.
