Unit 3 - Teaching Pronunciation Flashcards
Explain ‘word stress’
When an English word has more than one syllable, one syllable is pronounced more ‘strongly’ - it is slightly louder and longer than the other syllables
Explain ‘main stress’ or ‘primary stress’
Syllable that is pronounced more strongly in a ‘multisyllabic’ word
Ways to represent word stress to students
- Underline the stress
- Draw a box over it
- Use circles to represent syllables (biggest circle = primary stress)
Explain ‘disappearing syllables’
syllables that disappear in connected speech at normal speed
Give some examples of words with disappearing syllables
aspirin, average, business, camera, chocolate, conference, library, corporal, desperate, every, general, family
Shifting stress on a verb-noun pair word when used as a noun
The stress will shift to the first syllable (Oo)
Shifting stress on a verb-noun pair word when used as a verb
The stress will shift to the second syllable (oO)
What verb-noun pairs will have a shifting stress
verb-noun pairs with a latinate prefix (short syllable at start of many words that cannot be used alone) eg. refund, export, insult, etc
Explain ‘word family’
A group of words which are all clearly related. Words in a word family have the same basic meaning and the same core form/base word.
Give some examples of ‘word families’
photography, photography, photographer, photographic
person, personal, personality, personalization
decide, decided, decision, deciding, indecisive
Explain ‘sentence stress’
In a sentence certain words will be stress while others will be unstressed. This is what gives spoken English its rhythm or beat
How does stress fall within the stressed words in a sentence?
Stress must fall on the correct syllable (word stress) within each word
Which words in a sentence usually carry stress?
CONTENT words - verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs
Which words in a sentence usually do not carry stress?
STRUCTURE words - he, the, is, of
How can you use shifting stress in a sentence?
Shifting sentence stress can be used to change the natural stress of a sentence, and change the meaning of the sentence
Why should we teach rhythm to students?
- Having an understanding of rhythm helps with both speaking and listening
- Helps students sound more fluent and natural
Tips when teaching rhythm
1) teach recognition before production
2) integrate rhythm into the teaching of grammar & vocabulary
3) Use authentic listening texts
4) Use Dictogloss and other dictation activities in your lessons
5) Use poems, songs, and jazz chants
Sentence stress = _____
Intonation = ______
Rhythm of English
Melody
Explain ‘intonation’
How we say things. Helps us understand the emotion behind sentences
What pattern does intonation usually follow for wh-questions?
Falling intonation
What pattern does intonation usually follow for yes/no questions?
Rising intonation
What pattern does intonation usually follow for statements?
Falling intonation
Why is it important to teach intonation?
Incorrect intonation may lead to misunderstandings. Speakers can sound bored or impolite, which could cause listeners to take offense.
Explain ‘assimilation´
process in which one sound becomes more like the preceding or following sound. Can occur within a word or between words & occurs in fluent speech.
