Unit 3 Summative

Question 1

G1 Phase

Answer 1

• Cells grow to prepare for DNA replication

- Replicate organelles

Question 2

G1 Checkpoint

Answer 2

Is DNA is undamaged with enough resources for the cell to keep growing and divide?

Question 3

S Phase

Answer 3

DNA replication, two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 4

S Checkpoint

Answer 4

Did replication happen properly? DNA Ok?

If not, cell will fix errors

Question 5

G2

Answer 5

• Continues growing
• More organelles
• Basically G1 the Sequel

Question 6

G2 Checkpoint

Answer 6

Final screening: everything is ready for mitosis?

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

Cell walls physically separate into two different cells.

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

Mitosis: In this last phase of the cell cycle, the cell stops growing and divides into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes.
Separation into two nuclei

Question 9

M Checkpoint

Answer 9

Are Any Sister Chromatids Unattached to spindle fibers during metaphase?

Question 10

Autosomes vs. Sex Chromosomes

Answer 10

Chromosomes #1-22 - codes for everything except for the sex
#23 - Determines the sex of the baby

Question 11

Independent assortment/orientation

Answer 11

Metaphase I & II of Meiosis - Leads to genetic variation because

Question 12

Random fertilization

Answer 12

Leads to genetic variation because

Question 13

Crossing over

Answer 13

Leads to genetic variation because

Question 14

Somatic cell
2n=46
Haploid vs. Diploid

Answer 14

Somatic - Body cell (not gamete)
n - number of different kinds of chromosomes (23)
Haploid: n=23 vs. Diploid: 2n=46

Question 15

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Answer 15

Mitosis - duplication of body cells, forms 2 diploid daughter cells, PMAT
Meiosis - production of haploid sex cells without homologous pairs, PMAT->P2M2MA2T2

Question 16

Synapsis

Answer 16

Homologous chromosomes come together as a tetrad, non-sister chromatids exchange genetic information during crossing over

Question 17

Meiosis I

Answer 17

Prophase 1: Tetrads form, floating around, crossing over occurs in tetrads, spindle fibers begin arranging tetrads
Metaphase 1: Tetrads are separated: homologous chromosomes are separated

Question 18

Meiosis II

Answer 18

Prophase and Metaphase occur normally
Anaphase 2: sister chromatids separate
Telophase II and Cytokinesis II form haploid daughter cells.