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Pharmacology > Unit 3 Sedative > Flashcards

Unit 3 Sedative Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes

Cerebral cortex - sensory & motor function, cognition, short-term memory, speech

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2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Area of brain that encloses 3rd ventricle

Thalamus (sensory relays) & hypothalamus (temperature, appetite, emotional & hormonal regulation)

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3
Q

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Bridge between cerebrum/diencephalon & brainstem

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4
Q

Brainstem

A

Pons & medulla oblongata - involved in control of respiration & cardiovascular function
Reticular formation - control of consciousness, arousal & alertness

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

planning & coordination of motor movements & motor patterns
Maintenance of balance & posture

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Deep within cerebral hemispheres
Striatum (cuadate nucleus & putamen), globus pallidus, lentiform nucleus, & substantia nigra
Control of motor activities

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7
Q

Limbic System

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, Hypothalamus, thalamic nuclei, mamillary bodies
Control of emotional & behavioral activity

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8
Q

Sedative Anxiolytics

A

Agents exert a calming effect or sedation with concomitant relief of anxiety at relatively low doses

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9
Q

Hypnotics

A

Agents that produce drowsiness & encourage onset & maintenance of a state of sleep

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10
Q

Anxiety

A

complex subjective feelings & behavior characterized by overwhelming & continuous worrying about life events

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11
Q

Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic

A

Flurazepam, Temazepam, Triazolam, Midazolam

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12
Q

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic

A

Alprazolam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam

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13
Q

Benzodiazepine like (Z-drugs)

A

Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone

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14
Q

Anziolytic Serotonin agonists

A

Buspirone

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15
Q

Anxiolytic Beta-blockers

A

Propranolol (symptom relief)

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16
Q

Barbiturates

A

Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Thiopental

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17
Q

Antihistamines

A

Hydroxyzine, Diphenhydramine

18
Q

Melatonin agonist

A

Ramelteon

19
Q

Alcohols

A

Ethanol

20
Q

Which dose-dependent depression of CNS drug is safest to use? (linear or non-linear)

A

Non-linear (plateau before reaching coma & death)

Provide better therapeutic window than linear sloped drugs

21
Q

Sedative-Hypnotics therapeutic uses

A

Relief of anxiety, relief of insomnia, sedation & amnesia, epilepsy/seizure states, control of withdrawal states, muscle relaxation

22
Q

Electronegative substituent in 7th position on benzodiazepines is required for

A

sedative-hypnotic activity

23
Q

Benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics

A

Good oral absorption

Metabolized by liver (CYP3A4 + glucuronidation)

24
Q

Benzodiazepines with inactive water-soluble glucuronides

A

Lorazepam, oxazepam

Rapid metabolism, short duration

25
Q

Benzodiazepines with weakly active, short-lived active metabolites

A

Alprazolam, trazolam

Short duration, little clinical significance (not often used)

26
Q

Midazolam 1/2 life & indication

A

Short acting, preanesthetic

27
Q

Triazolam 1/2 life & indication

A

Short acting, insomnia & preanesthetic

28
Q

Alprazolam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, anxiety & antidepressant

29
Q

Clonazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, seizures

30
Q

Estazolam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, insomnia

31
Q

Lorazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, anxiety, insomnia, seizures, preanesthetic

32
Q

Oxazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, anxiety

33
Q

Temazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Intermediate acting, insomnia

34
Q

Chlordiazepoxide 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting; anxiety, preanesthetic, withdrawal

35
Q

Clorazepate 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting; anxiety & seizures

36
Q

Diazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting; anxiety, preanesthetic, seizures, withdrawal

37
Q

Flurazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting, insomnia

38
Q

Prazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting, anxiety

39
Q

Quazepam 1/2 life & indication

A

Long lasting, insomnia

40
Q

Age on benzodiazepines

A

Elderly hepatic processing slows, increased Vd, decreased rate of elimination

41
Q

Benzodiazepines MOA

A

Potentiate effects of GABA at A receptor (chloride ion channels)
Increase frequency of opening & conductance of Cl channels = influx chloride ion = increased membrane hyperpolarization/neuronal inhibition

42
Q

GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit induces

A

Sedation, anticonvulsant action, anterograde amnesia

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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