unit 3 section one organic - miss jessup Flashcards
types of formula
molecular :
structural :
displayed:
tells u the number of atoms of each element in the molecule
shows arrangement of atoms without showing the bonds
shows how all atoms are arranged and the bonds between them
types of formula
empirical
general
skeletal
simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
a formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
abbreviated diagram of molecule
homologous series
family of compounds with same func group and general formula
isomers =
two molecules with same molecular formula but diff arrangements of atoms
structural isomers?
have the same molecular formula but a diff structural formula
chain isomer
position isomer
functional isomer
same func group but diff arrangment of carbon skeleton
func group changes position
same atoms arranged into diff func groups
stereoisomerism?
e
z
stereoisomers have the same structural formula but diff molecular
isomer wich has higher priority groups above or below double bond
isomer which has higher priority groups across the double bond from each other
alkanes are..
boiling points of alkanes increase
what is cracking?
saturated hydrocarbons
as molecules get bigger
breaking long chain alkanes into smaller alkanes and alkenes. it involves breaking c-c bonds
process of fractional distillation
- crude oil is vaporised and the one with lower bp rises up first
- as vapour goes up f.c it gets cooler creating a temp gradient
- it then condenses and is collected
what is thermal and catalytic cracking
t - temps upto 1k c and high pressures of 70atm, produces lots of alkenes ,
c - zeolite catalyst , lower p , temp 500c (lower since the catalyst lowers ae ) , produces aromatic compounds , alkanes
cheaper since lower p and t , also saves time by speeding rea
complete combustion
incomplete combustion
plentiful supply of 02 produces c02 + h20
limited 02 produces carbon and carbon monox which can be removed by catalytic converters
how are oxides of nitrogen made
sulfur dioxide
high pressures and temps in car engines cause nitrogen and o2 to react, absorbed by clouds forming acid rain.
sulfur impurties in hydrocarbons are burnt to form sulfur dioxide gas which absorbs in clouds forming sulfuric acid. acid rain
greenhouse gases..
absorb heat, increasing the earths temp
how can sulfur dioxide be removed before being burnt
It can be removed from power station flue gases by
reaction with calcium oxide.
What is a halogenoalkane
Nucleophile
An alkane with at least one halogen atom in place of a hydrogen atom
Electron pair doner
