unit 3 section 1 introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

what is a functional group

Answer 1

it is the group of atoms that dictates its characteristic reactions

Question 2

what is nomenclature

Answer 2

it is the naming of molecules using specific rules

Question 3

give and example of structural formula

Answer 3

CH3CH3COOH

Question 4

what is a general formula

Answer 4

it is an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

Question 5

what is a homologous series

Answer 5

it is a series of molecules that have the same functional group and general formula.

Question 6

what is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 6

Cn H 2n+2

Question 7

what is the general formula for alkenes

Answer 7

CnH2n

Question 8

what is a skeletal formula

Answer 8

it shows the formula but the carbon and the hydrogens are not shown

Question 9

are alkanes saturated or are they unsaturated

Answer 9

they are saturated

Question 10

are alkenes saturated or are they unsaturated

Answer 10

they are unsaturated

Question 11

what is a halogenalkane

Answer 11

it is an alkane that has at least one hydrogen atom replaced with one halogen atom

Question 12

what is the prefix for a cyloalkane

Answer 12

cyclo-

Question 13

are cycloalkanes saturated or are they not saturated

Answer 13

they are still saturated even though they have 2 less hydrogens that an alkane( they have the molecular formula of an alkene )

Question 14

what is an alkyl group

Answer 14

it is a branch on a strain chain molecule that only contains carbon and hydrogen. for example CH2CH3 , branched onto a straight chain molecule.

Question 15

what is the suffix for an alkene

Answer 15

-ene

Question 16

what is the general formula for an alcohol

Answer 16

CnH2n+1OH

Question 17

what is the general formula for an aldehyde

Answer 17

R-CHO
the oxygen is double bonded to the carbon
R is an alkyl group

Question 18

what is the suffix for an aldehyde

Answer 18

-al

Question 19

what is the general formula for a ketone

Answer 19

R-CO-R

C=O

Question 20

what is the suffix for a ketone

Answer 20

you add the position and then add one to the end
-number - one

Question 21

what is the general formula for a carboxylic acid

Answer 21

R-COOH

C=O & OH

Question 22

what is the suffix for a carboxylic acid

Answer 22

-oic acid

Question 23

what is the rule when naming a molecule

Answer 23

• write the functional group in alphabetical order

Question 24

what is the prefix you add to the functional group when it appears in the molecule more than once

Answer 24

di - two
tri - three
and you put the numbers of where they occur before adding the prefix

Question 25

how do you name a molecule when there is more than 1 functional group

Answer 25

you add the highest priority functional group to the start of the name and then the rest. lowest to highest priority: halogens, alkyl group, alkenes, other functional groups.

Question 26

what is a structural isomer and how many types are there and what are they

Answer 26

they have the same molecular formula but they have a different structural formula. there a 3 types of structural isomers: - chain isomers - position isomers -functional group isomers

Question 27

what is a chain isomer and give an example

Answer 27

they have the same functional group but a different carbon skeleton arrangement. CH3CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CHCH3CH3 is a chain isomer. butane and methylpropane

Question 28

what is a position isomer

Answer 28

position isomer have the same skeleton and same atoms or groups of atoms attached, the difference is that the atom or the group of atoms are attached to different carbon atoms. the functional group is attached to a different carbon atom

Question 29

what is a functional group isomer

Answer 29

they have the same atoms but the are arranged into a different functional group

Question 30

what is a steroisomer and give an example of a type of it

Answer 30

they have the same structural formula but their atoms are arranged differently in space - E/Z isomer

Question 31

explain how an E/Z isomers group are arranged in space

Answer 31

E-isomer = the different groups of atoms are located on opposite sides of the displayed formula Z-isomer = the different groups of atoms are located on the same side of the displayed formula

Question 32

what type of bond does an E/Z isomer occur with

Answer 32

double bonds they have restricted rotation due to the double bond and they are planar.