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A-level chemistry unit 3 > unit 3 section 1 introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

unit 3 section 1 introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a functional group

A

it is the group of atoms that dictates its characteristic reactions

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2
Q

what is nomenclature

A

it is the naming of molecules using specific rules

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3
Q

give and example of structural formula

A

CH3CH3COOH

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4
Q

what is a general formula

A

it is an algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

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5
Q

what is a homologous series

A

it is a series of molecules that have the same functional group and general formula.

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6
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes

A

Cn H 2n+2

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7
Q

what is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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8
Q

what is a skeletal formula

A

it shows the formula but the carbon and the hydrogens are not shown

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9
Q

are alkanes saturated or are they unsaturated

A

they are saturated

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10
Q

are alkenes saturated or are they unsaturated

A

they are unsaturated

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11
Q

what is a halogenalkane

A

it is an alkane that has at least one hydrogen atom replaced with one halogen atom

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12
Q

what is the prefix for a cyloalkane

A

cyclo-

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13
Q

are cycloalkanes saturated or are they not saturated

A

they are still saturated even though they have 2 less hydrogens that an alkane( they have the molecular formula of an alkene )

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14
Q

what is an alkyl group

A

it is a branch on a strain chain molecule that only contains carbon and hydrogen. for example CH2CH3 , branched onto a straight chain molecule.

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15
Q

what is the suffix for an alkene

A

-ene

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16
Q

what is the general formula for an alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

17
Q

what is the general formula for an aldehyde

A

R-CHO
the oxygen is double bonded to the carbon
R is an alkyl group

18
Q

what is the suffix for an aldehyde

A

-al

19
Q

what is the general formula for a ketone

A

R-CO-R

C=O

20
Q

what is the suffix for a ketone

A

you add the position and then add one to the end
-number - one

21
Q

what is the general formula for a carboxylic acid

A

R-COOH

C=O & OH

22
Q

what is the suffix for a carboxylic acid

A

-oic acid

23
Q

what is the rule when naming a molecule

A
  • write the functional group in alphabetical order
24
Q

what is the prefix you add to the functional group when it appears in the molecule more than once

A

di - two
tri - three
and you put the numbers of where they occur before adding the prefix

25
Q

how do you name a molecule when there is more than 1 functional group

A

you add the highest priority functional group to the start of the name and then the rest.
lowest to highest priority:
halogens, alkyl group, alkenes, other functional groups.

26
Q

what is a structural isomer and how many types are there and what are they

A

they have the same molecular formula but they have a different structural formula.
there a 3 types of structural isomers:
- chain isomers
- position isomers
-functional group isomers

27
Q

what is a chain isomer and give an example

A

they have the same functional group but a different carbon skeleton arrangement.
CH3CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CHCH3CH3 is a chain isomer.
butane and methylpropane

28
Q

what is a position isomer

A

position isomer have the same skeleton and same atoms or groups of atoms attached, the difference is that the atom or the group of atoms are attached to different carbon atoms.

the functional group is attached to a different carbon atom

29
Q

what is a functional group isomer

A

they have the same atoms but the are arranged into a different functional group

30
Q

what is a steroisomer and give an example of a type of it

A

they have the same structural formula but their atoms are arranged differently in space
- E/Z isomer

31
Q

explain how an E/Z isomers group are arranged in space

A

E-isomer = the different groups of atoms are located on opposite sides of the displayed formula
Z-isomer = the different groups of atoms are located on the same side of the displayed formula

32
Q

what type of bond does an E/Z isomer occur with

A

double bonds
they have restricted rotation due to the double bond and they are planar.

A-level chemistry unit 3 (4 decks)

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