Unit 3: Roads to Revolution Flashcards
What are the 3 criteria to make something a revolution?
- People are upset with the status quo or see need for a change.
- Present a plan - People (or a person) must present a plan that seems better than the status quo.
- The plan must be put into action and change must happen (at least for a period of time, the time is relative).
Revolution
A forgible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.
Tragic Necessity
Something tragic happens, but was needed for necessary changes to the satus quo.
- It could be for the greater good, but there will be negative consequences.
- Tragic necessities are clearly connected to historical perspective.
Renaissance
A social movement that began in Italy in the 1300’s that spread to parts of Northern Europe like France, Germany, England, Spain and other countries in the 1400’s.
- It would bring about significant change in art, literature, and education as much of Europe was changing politically.
- The changes that came out of the Renaissance can still be seen today.
- In french, Renaissance means rebirth.
Humanism
A cultural movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of the classical works for literature from the ancient world.
- Humanists believed that learning a variety of topics led to a better life on earth, rather than focusing solely on getting into heaven.
- The liberal arts were reintroduced like the study of grammar, music, logic, and arithmetic just to name a few.
Classical Scholarship
The study of the classical world of the ancient Greeks and Romans. This was very common during the Renaissance.
Secularism
The view that religion should not be the center of human affairs. This was a new view during the Renaissance.
Individualism
To view human worth and the fact that the individual was more important than the larger community. Each person has a purpose. This was a new vies during the Renaissance.
Christian Humanism
To focuse on the history of Christianity and what the Christians believed to be the law of love, revealed by Jesus. This was a new view during the Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci
A talented artist who also excelled in engineering, architecture, and music. He was very interested in anatomy and dissected horses and human cadavers to learn how the bones and muscles worked together. His art was created during the Renaissance.
Protestant Refromation
The religious revolution that stopped the churches from abusing their power. After the Protestant Refromation a new branch of Christianity called Protestant was created.
Martin Luther
A catholic priest who saw other priests acting sinfully. He risked excommunication and death to share his view on the sinful priests, later starting the Protestant Refromation and creating of the first Lutheran church.
95 Theses
The theses that Martin Luther nailed to a door of a church, that argued against the church.
Catholic Reformation
The churches’ reaction to the Protestant Reformation.
Indulgence
Passes to shorten your time spent in purgatory before Heaven.
- You could buy them before you sinned or even for people who already died.
- The Martin Luther and other revolutionaries of the Protostant Revolution wanted to get rid of them.
Scientific Revolution
The series of events throughout Europe in 1540-1700 that led to modern science. This is the time when there were major astornomical, physical, and biological discoveries that would lead to our understanding of the world today.
Scientific Method
A step-by-step process for performing experiments and other scientific research created by two men, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes during the Scientific Revolution. The proper way to conduct an experiment are by following the steps below:
- Think about a problem or develop a purpose question
- Research/ Observe/ Provide previous knowledge
- Come up with a Hypothesis
- Conduct the Experiment
- Collect and Analyze the Data
6.Develop the Conclusion
- Further questioning
Nicolaus Copernicus
A polish writer who published a book called On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres. His ideas played a major part in the Scientific Revolution. The book contradicts Ptolemy’s beliefs, and was about the the theory that the earth revolves around the sun. Nicolaus died before he could prove his theory.
Ptolemy
A famous Greek writer who wrote about geography in ancient times. He believed that the planets in our solar sytem revolved around earth. His ideas also played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.
Galileo Galilei
An italian scientist who proved Copernicus’ theory. He was the first person to study the sky with a telescope, and see craters and mountains on the moon. His work played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.
Sir Isaac Newton
An italian scientist who published the book, Principia Mathematica in 1687 and is revered to be one of the greatest scientists of all time. His theories about gravities and motion were proven so any times, that they became laws. His work and ideas played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.
National Assembly
The National Assembly were the representatives of the third estate. They first met up in a tennis court and took an oath that they will create a constitution. In 1789, they stormed the Bastille, and killed the govenor of Bastille. They sparked the French Revolution.
3 Estates
- The cleregy (church officials).
2.The nobility (monarchs and nobles).
- Everyone else (peasants and commoners).
King Louis XVI
The king of France who lived in the Pallace of Versailles with his wife, Marie Antoinette. Him and his family (including his wife) got arrested in 1791 as they were trying to flee France. His reign ended during the French Revolution, when the National Assembly stormed the Bastille. He was later guillotined on January 21, 1793.
