Unit 3: Roads to Revolution

Question 1

What are the 3 criteria to make something a revolution?

Answer 1

1. People are upset with the status quo or see need for a change.
2. Present a plan - People (or a person) must present a plan that seems better than the status quo.
3. The plan must be put into action and change must happen (at least for a period of time, the time is relative).

Question 2

Revolution

Answer 2

A forgible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.

Question 3

Tragic Necessity

Answer 3

Something tragic happens, but was needed for necessary changes to the satus quo.

• It could be for the greater good, but there will be negative consequences.
• Tragic necessities are clearly connected to historical perspective.

Question 4

Renaissance

Answer 4

A social movement that began in Italy in the 1300’s that spread to parts of Northern Europe like France, Germany, England, Spain and other countries in the 1400’s.

• It would bring about significant change in art, literature, and education as much of Europe was changing politically.
• The changes that came out of the Renaissance can still be seen today.
• In french, Renaissance means rebirth.

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

A cultural movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of the classical works for literature from the ancient world.

• Humanists believed that learning a variety of topics led to a better life on earth, rather than focusing solely on getting into heaven.
• The liberal arts were reintroduced like the study of grammar, music, logic, and arithmetic just to name a few.

Question 6

Classical Scholarship

Answer 6

The study of the classical world of the ancient Greeks and Romans. This was very common during the Renaissance.

Question 7

Secularism

Answer 7

The view that religion should not be the center of human affairs. This was a new view during the Renaissance.

Question 8

Individualism

Answer 8

To view human worth and the fact that the individual was more important than the larger community. Each person has a purpose. This was a new vies during the Renaissance.

Question 9

Christian Humanism

Answer 9

To focuse on the history of Christianity and what the Christians believed to be the law of love, revealed by Jesus. This was a new view during the Renaissance.

Question 10

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 10

A talented artist who also excelled in engineering, architecture, and music. He was very interested in anatomy and dissected horses and human cadavers to learn how the bones and muscles worked together. His art was created during the Renaissance.

Question 11

Protestant Refromation

Answer 11

The religious revolution that stopped the churches from abusing their power. After the Protestant Refromation a new branch of Christianity called Protestant was created.

Question 12

Martin Luther

Answer 12

A catholic priest who saw other priests acting sinfully. He risked excommunication and death to share his view on the sinful priests, later starting the Protestant Refromation and creating of the first Lutheran church.

Question 13

95 Theses

Answer 13

The theses that Martin Luther nailed to a door of a church, that argued against the church.

Question 14

Catholic Reformation

Answer 14

The churches’ reaction to the Protestant Reformation.

Question 15

Indulgence

Answer 15

Passes to shorten your time spent in purgatory before Heaven.

• You could buy them before you sinned or even for people who already died.
• The Martin Luther and other revolutionaries of the Protostant Revolution wanted to get rid of them.

Question 16

Scientific Revolution

Answer 16

The series of events throughout Europe in 1540-1700 that led to modern science. This is the time when there were major astornomical, physical, and biological discoveries that would lead to our understanding of the world today.

Question 17

Scientific Method

Answer 17

A step-by-step process for performing experiments and other scientific research created by two men, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes during the Scientific Revolution. The proper way to conduct an experiment are by following the steps below:

1. Think about a problem or develop a purpose question
2. Research/ Observe/ Provide previous knowledge
3. Come up with a Hypothesis
4. Conduct the Experiment
5. Collect and Analyze the Data

6.Develop the Conclusion

7. Further questioning

Question 18

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 18

A polish writer who published a book called On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres. His ideas played a major part in the Scientific Revolution. The book contradicts Ptolemy’s beliefs, and was about the the theory that the earth revolves around the sun. Nicolaus died before he could prove his theory.

Question 19

Ptolemy

Answer 19

A famous Greek writer who wrote about geography in ancient times. He believed that the planets in our solar sytem revolved around earth. His ideas also played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.

Question 20

Galileo Galilei

Answer 20

An italian scientist who proved Copernicus’ theory. He was the first person to study the sky with a telescope, and see craters and mountains on the moon. His work played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.

Question 21

Sir Isaac Newton

Answer 21

An italian scientist who published the book, Principia Mathematica in 1687 and is revered to be one of the greatest scientists of all time. His theories about gravities and motion were proven so any times, that they became laws. His work and ideas played a major part in the Scientific Revolution.

Question 22

National Assembly

Answer 22

The National Assembly were the representatives of the third estate. They first met up in a tennis court and took an oath that they will create a constitution. In 1789, they stormed the Bastille, and killed the govenor of Bastille. They sparked the French Revolution.

Question 23

3 Estates

Answer 23

1. The cleregy (church officials).

2.The nobility (monarchs and nobles).

3. Everyone else (peasants and commoners).

Question 24

King Louis XVI

Answer 24

The king of France who lived in the Pallace of Versailles with his wife, Marie Antoinette. Him and his family (including his wife) got arrested in 1791 as they were trying to flee France. His reign ended during the French Revolution, when the National Assembly stormed the Bastille. He was later guillotined on January 21, 1793.

Question 25

Marie Antoinette

Answer 25

King Louis XVI’s wife who was guillotined on October 16, 1793 during the French Revolution. She got arrested in 1791, as she was trying to flee France with her family. She lived with her husband at the Palace of Versailles.

Question 26

Jacobins

Answer 26

A group of ratical revolutionaries that wanted France to be a full out republic without any king during the French Revolution. They ended up decapitating King Louis XVI on January 21, 1793.

Question 27

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 27

Maximilien Robespierre also known as the “architect of the reign of terror” was the leader of the Jacobins and a French lawyer. He was very notorious during the French Revolution, and guillotined many peoples. He was arrested and guillotined in 1794.

Question 28

Reign of Terror

Answer 28

The period of the French revolution when there were mass excecutions with guillotines. Maximilien Robespierre was said to have started the Reign of Terror.

Question 29

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 29

A French military commander who grew to power near the end of the French Revolution due to the rise of power of the military. In 1804 Napoleon declared himself emperor. He has 4 brothers and 3 siblings. He also wrote a romance novel in 1795 called, Clisson et Eugénie.

Question 30

Industrial Revolution

Answer 30

A time during the late 18th century and early 20th century when an agrarian and handicraft economy developed into mechanization and an industrial production economy.

Question 31

Child Labor

Answer 31

When children were payed minimum wage to work for 10-14 hours for factories and different buisnesses instead of go to school in order to help their family survive. They could easily get injured or even die, and their employers were extremely harsh. This was one of the sad outcomes of the Industrial Revolution although eventually the government passed and enforced laws on child labor.