Unit 3 Revision Flashcards
Explain what is meant by PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY industry
- Primary Sector – industry involved in taking raw materials from the land or sea
- Secondary Sector – industry involved in making things from raw materials
- Tertiary Sector – jobs and businesses that provide a service
Why has there been a decrease in jobs in primary industry?
Caused by improvements in technology reduced the need for agricultural workers Raw material e.g iron ore has been imported in from abroad. Jobs in primary industry are seen as ‘dirty’ and have limited career prospects. Workers prefer better paid and less physically demanding jobs.
Why has there been a decline in secondary industry in recent decades?
Decline in manufacturing due to movement of these industries abroad to LIC’s, such as China and India, where there is cheaper labour.
Define globalisation in your own words
Answers should be along the lines of: GLOBALISATION The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Spreads through industry and culture
Using a case-study describe the problems that may be caused by de-industrialisation
Case-study could be Teeside or Sheffield. Points made are likely to include:
- SOCIAL Loss of jobs Social problems such as depression, drug addiction, higher rates of divorce
- ECONOMIC People will have less money Negative impacts on to local businesses e.g. people have less money which impacts on businesses such as builders as people cannot afford home improvements
- ENVIRONMENTAL Derelict factories can be a blot on the landscape
Explain the location factors that make Cowley in Oxford a good place for BMW to have its Mini factory
- Flat land
- Access to main roads and trainline
- History of car manufacturing in the city so lots of people with suitable skills
- Next to areas of lower cost housing to provide a workforce
Define the word DEINDUSTRIALISATION
The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from other countries
What do the following terms mean:
- Sparsely Populated
- Densely Populated
- Population Distribution
- Sparsely Populated – a place with low population per km squared
- Densely Populated – a place with high population per km squared
- Population Distribution – the pattern of where people live
Why might be people in HICs have smaller families?
People in HICs do not need to have large families in order to have children to look after them in older age. They have more security than in LICs by the presence of pensions and the fact that their children are less likely to die than in LICS People like to have smaller families as having children is expensive. Therefore a smaller family can mean a better standard of living Some parents feel that having less children means they can focus attention on to them and provide the best opportunities for them
Describe what the Demographic Transition Model shows us. Use the image below
The demographic transition model shows population change over time. It studies how birth rate and death rate affect the total population of a country.
The five stages of the demographic transition model
Total population is low but it is balanced due to high birth rates and high death rates.
Total population rises as death rates fall due to improvements in health care and sanitation. Birth rates remain high.
Total population is still rising rapidly. The gap between birth and death rates narrows due to the availability of contraception and fewer children being needed to work - due to the mechanisation of farming. The natural increase is high.
Total population is high, but it is balanced by a low birth rate and a low death rate. Birth control is widely available and there is a desire for smaller families.
Total population is high but going into decline due to an ageing population. There is a continued desire for smaller families, with people opting to have children later in life.
Describe the population distribution of China using the map below
The overall trend of China shows a very uneven population distribution. The country can be clearly divided into two distinct halves by the pattern of its population, the east section and the west section. The east is considerably more densely populated than the west and has areas with more than 400 people per km; these are situated on the central segment of the east coast and slightly further inland aswell.
There are some more areas of dense population on the southeast coast of the eastern half, while what remains of the east is mostly 100-400 people per km, with some areas of 10-100 people per km and even fewer areas of 10 people per km.
The west is the opposite extreme, it is very sparsely populated with a huge area where there are only 10 people per square kilometre.
What are the problems of a youthful population?
- Strain on resources e.g. schools
- Problems in providing enough food and housing
- Shortage of jobs for students when leaving school
For more information watch the link below:
What methods has Singapore used to increase population
- A cash gift of $3000 for first and second child
- A cash gift of $6000 for third and fourth child
- Savings accounts set up for second to fourth children which is contributed to by government
- Three months maternity leave for mothers
- Three days of paternity leave for fathers
- Five days of paid childcare a year
- With more children, parents are entitled to upgrade to a bigger flat
- Couple recieve contributions to cost of a maid if they have children under 12
What disincentives existed in China during the one child policy?
Could be sacked from their jobs
Heavy fines
Why is an ageing population a problem?
Strain on provision of state pensions
Larger demand for housing as elderly living in homes for longer so new homes needed for younger generations
People in 60’s and older place a greater demand on health resources.
The amount of money spent on education might have to be cut to finance the elderly
