Unit 3 Psychology

Question 1

The __________________ is a stimulus that causes a response automatically. In Pavlov’s experiment, the _________ was the meat powder.

Answer 1

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Question 2

The ______________ is the automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus. In Pavlov’s experiment the ______________ was the dog salivating.

Answer 2

unconditioned response (UCR)

Question 3

Define neutral stimulus-

he paired a neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov chose to use a bell as the neutral stimulus which he rang every time he gave the dog the food.

Answer 3

a stimulus that would not produce the unconditioned response

Question 4

Unconditioned

Answer 4

naturally

Question 5

Conditioned

Answer 5

learned

Question 6

Positive reinforcement

Answer 6

Increases behavior because it gives something good

Question 7

Negative reinforcement

Answer 7

Increases behavior because it takes something bad away

Question 8

Punishment

Answer 8

Decreases behavior because it gives us something unwanted

Question 9

Fixed ratio

Answer 9

Reinforces only after specified number of responses (fixed number)

Question 10

Variable ratio

Answer 10

Reinforces only after unpredictable number of responses (varied responses)

Question 11

Fixed interval

Answer 11

Reinforces only after specified amount of time (fixed time)

Question 12

Variable interval

Answer 12

Reinforces only after unpredictable amount of time (varied time)

Question 13

Your history teacher is likely to give a pop quiz at any time.

Answer 13

Variable interval

Question 14

Rosie works for a company where she receives a paycheck every other week.

Answer 14

Fixed interval

Question 15

Jerry broke curfew, a strict rule of his parents, and as a result he had his car keys taken from him for a week.

Answer 15

Punishment

Question 16

Roy has a card from Subway that he gets punched each time he purchases a sandwich and after 10.

Answer 16

Fixed Ratio

Question 17

Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning)

Answer 17

a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments for behavior.

Question 18

Episodic memory

Answer 18

Personally experienced events, a type of long term memory.

Question 19

Procedural memory

Answer 19

Memorizing how to do things, also a type of long term memory.

Question 20

Surface processing

Answer 20

Trying to simply memorize information (shallow processing or maintenance processing). This type of processing is not effective.

Question 21

Deep processing

Answer 21

(elaborative processing) Deep processing tries to connect the new information with already learned information or with devices that allow that information to be put in and retrieved from memory easier.

Question 22

Mnemonic devices

Answer 22

Memory devices that aid memorization through different aspects.

Question 23

Sensory memory

Answer 23

All sensations from our environment come into our sensory memory, also called the sensory register. They only last for a quick moment and are gone if we don’t pay attention to them.

Question 24

Short term memory

Answer 24

The storage component of working memory has a limited capacity of about 5-9 items or bits.

Question 25

Long term memory

Answer 25

The permanent part of our memory. It has an unlimited capacity(unlike short term memory). Engrams are stored and encoded in our long term memory.

Question 26

Chunking

Answer 26

A process by which we group similar bits of information into meaningful units, in order to remember more.

Question 27

Semantic memory

Answer 27

Memories of general factual knowledge that you know, surface level memory.

Question 28

All sensations from our environment come into our _________________ and they only last for a flash and if we do not paid attention to them.
1) short term memory
2) sensory memory
3) working memory
4) long term memory

Answer 28

2) sensory memory

Question 29

Two types of long-term memory are __________and ___________ memory.
1) sensory, working
2) working, procedural
3) sensory, iconic
4) episodic, procedural

Answer 29

4) episodic, procedural

Question 30

Two types of long-term memory are episodic and procedural memory. The difference is that episodic memory is remembering where you went on vacation, whereas an example of procedural memory is remembering
1) a personally experienced event
2) how to ride a bike
3) the temperature that water freezes
4) general facts

Answer 30

2) how to ride a bike

Question 31

What part of the brain moves short term memory to long term memory?
1) The frontal lobes
2) temporal lobes
3) hippocampus
4) cerebellum

Answer 31

3) hippocampus

Question 32

What part of the brain is involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses?
1) The frontal lobes
2) temporal lobes
3) hippocampus
4) cerebellum

Answer 32

4) cerebellum

Question 33

Frontal lobes:
1. short term memory tasks
2. encoding of words or pictures
3. moves short term memory to long term memory
4. involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses

Answer 33

1. short term memory tasks

Question 34

Hippocampus:
1. short term memory tasks
2. encoding of words or pictures
3. moves short term memory to long term memory
4. involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses

Answer 34

3. moves short term memory to long term memory

Question 35

Cerebellum:
1. short term memory tasks
2. encoding of words or pictures
3. moves short term memory to long term memory
4. involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses

Answer 35

4. involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses

Question 36

Temporal lobes:
1. short term memory tasks
2. encoding of words or pictures
3. moves short term memory to long term memory
4. involved in the formation and retention of classically conditioned responses

Answer 36

2. encoding of words or pictures

Question 37

All of the following are true of retrograde amnesia EXCEPT
1) it involves the loss of the ability to form new memories.
2) it involves losing the ability to recollect past memories
3) the ability to create new memories may remain intact
4) many movies have been made about this type of amnesia

Answer 37

1) it involves the loss of the ability to form new memories.

Question 38

What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?

Answer 38

Anterograde amnesia involves the loss of the ability to form new memories. Retrograde amnesia involves losing the ability to recollect past memories, although the ability to create new memories may remain intact

Question 39

State dependent and context are examples of how information can be
1) reconstructed and misremembered
2) reconstructed
3) misremembered
4) none of the above

Answer 39

1) reconstructed and misremembered

Question 40

Ivan Pavlov came up with the theory of learning called

Answer 40

Classical Conditioning

Question 41

You have a job at a retail store at the mall. You are paid every Friday for the previous week’s work. Your pay schedule is a

Answer 41

fixed interval

Question 42

When learning occurs in Classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________.

Answer 42

conditioned stimulus

Question 43

J. Watson and R. Rayner

Answer 43

worked with a baby named little Albert to change a neutral stimulus to a conditioned stimulus.

Question 44

B.F. Skinner

Answer 44

trained animals to perform various activities based on reward and punishment

Question 45

Albert Bandura

Answer 45

the bobo doll experiment to show observational learning

Question 46

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 46

trained a dog using classical conditioning