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Biology H > Unit 3: Proteins and Enzymes > Flashcards

Unit 3: Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enzymatic Proteins

A

Catalyzes (speeds up) reactions

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2
Q

Defensive Proteins

A

Antibodies that destroy viruses

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3
Q

Storage Proteins

A

Store Amino Acids (ex: casein in milk)

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4
Q

Transport Proteins

A

Proteins that transport O2 and other molecules

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5
Q

Amino Acid Formulas

A

R group, Amino group, and Carboxyl group

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6
Q

Amino acid polymer

A

polypeptides

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7
Q

peptide bond

A

the covalent bond that attached polypeptides together

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8
Q

Primary Structure

A

sequence of amino acids

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8
Q

Primary Structure

A

sequence of amino acids

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9
Q

Secondary structure

A

stabilization using hydrogen bonds
α helix and β pleated sheet

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10
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

3D shapes stabilized by side chain interactions

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11
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

interactions between polypeptides

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

greater to lesser concentration
no membrane involved

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

Moving water molecules from greater to lesser concentration through semi-permeable membranes

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14
Q

Semi-permeable membrane

A

small, non-polar molecules can go through

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15
Q

Passive transport

A

transport that does not require energy.
uses concentration gradient

16
Q

Active transport

A

requires ATP. goes against concentration gradient.

17
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

equal concentration of molecules throughout the cell and outside the cell.

18
Q

Facilitative diffusion

A

passive transport aided by channel and carrier proteins

19
Q

Carrier proteins

A

shape change that translocates the solute binding site across the membrane

20
Q

ATP

A

energy form: adenosine tri-phosphate

21
Q

Membrane potential

A

the voltage across a membrane

22
Q

Proton pump

A

actively transports H+ OUT of the cell

23
Q

Cotatransport

A

couples the downhill diffusion of solute to uphill transport against concentration gradient

24
Q

Active Site

A

The location where a substrate and an enzyme react

25
Q

Substrate

A

the molecule upon which the enzyme acts (ex: H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide)

26
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme in stomach that breaks down peptide bonds

27
Q

Lock and Key Model

A

Enzyme and Substrate

28
Q

Induced Fit (Hand and Glove)

A

Substrate and Enzyme

29
Q

Competitive Inhibitor

A

Fits into and blocks active site

30
Q

Non-competitive inhibitor

A

Folds protein over active site by attaching to side of protein

Biology H (1 decks)

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