Unit 3- Populations

Question 1

Population Decline

Answer 1

Decrease in amount of people over time. Occurring in Japan and some parts of industrialized Europe. Creates a small labor force, a small number of consumers, and a large amount of older people consuming medical care and social security

Question 2

Migration

Answer 2

The movement of people in or out of a population.

Question 3

Immigration

Answer 3

The movement of people into a population.

Question 4

Emigration

Answer 4

The movement of people out of a population.

Question 5

Demographic Transition

Answer 5

The change from high birth rate and high death rate to low birth rate and low death rate.

Question 6

Preindustrial

Answer 6

When there are high birth and high death rates. Low growth, relatively stable. Characterized by harsh living conditions (no sanitation, disease, war, famine, drought).

Question 7

Transitional

Answer 7

Characterized by low death rates, high birth rates, explosive population growth, sanitation, food production, and health care.

Question 8

Industrial

Answer 8

Characterized by low death rates, low birth rates, low, stable population growth, increased access to birth control and family planning, and better opportunities for women

Question 9

Postindustrial

Answer 9

Characterized by a lower birth rate than death rate, population decline. 13% of the world’s population is in this state.

Question 10

Human Population Growth

Answer 10

Increase in number of people.

Question 11

Birth Rate

Answer 11

Births/1000 people/per year

Question 12

Death Rate

Answer 12

Deaths/1000 people/per yea

Question 13

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 13

dead in first year of life/1000 born/per year

Question 14

Fertility Rate

Answer 14

of children born to a woman in her lifetime

Question 15

Total Fertility

Answer 15

The average number of children born to a woman in a country.

Question 16

Replacement Level Fertility

Answer 16

of children a couple must bear to replace themselves. Worldwide = 2.4

Question 17

Industrial Revolution

Answer 17

Occurred in the 1800s, caused human population growth to go from stable to exponential.

Question 18

Age-Structure Diagrams

Answer 18

Show current and future population trends. Include expansive, stable, and constrictive.

Question 19

Expansive

Answer 19

A kind of age-structure diagram with a wide bottom and narrow top. High birth rates and high death rates, usually caused by harsh environmental factors, no healthcare or sanitation. Little to no access to birth control.

Question 20

LDC (Less Developed Country)

Answer 20

Usually these regions have expansive age-structure diagrams.

Question 21

Stable

Answer 21

A kind of age-structure diagram that is generally rectangular, with a pointed top. Low birth and death rates, stable fertility and mortality rates.

Question 22

MDC (More Developed Country)

Answer 22

Industrialized. Usually these regions have stable age-structure diagrams.

Question 23

Constrictive

Answer 23

A kind of age-structure diagram that has a narrow bottom and wide top. Characterized by population decline, high number of older individuals.

Question 24

Density

Answer 24

of individuals/area

Question 25

Population Change

Answer 25

Births + Immigrants) - (Death + Emigrants)

Question 26

Growth Rate

Answer 26

(Population Change)/(Initial Population). Expressed as a percent.

Question 27

Irruptive

Answer 27

A kind of population change curve. The environment is unstable, some factor temporarily increases population and it later crashed

Question 28

Opportunists

Answer 28

Organisms that thrive in irruptive growth curves. Ex. algae, bacteria, rodents, insects.

Question 29

Survivorship Curve

Answer 29

Compares the loss of individuals of a population as they increase in age. Early loss characterizes r-selected species, late loss characterizes k-selected species.

Question 30

Rule of 70

Answer 30

70/Growth Rate (in percentage) = Doubling Time (in years).

Question 31

Doubling Time

Answer 31

How long it takes for a population to double, found by diving 70 by growth rate.q

Question 32

Biotic Potential

Answer 32

The maximum rate a population will grow at with unlimited resources.

Question 33

Intrinsic Rate of Increase (r)

Answer 33

Rate of growth of a population with unlimited resources.

Question 34

Environmental Resistance

Answer 34

Slow population growth, below biotic potential. Growth rate is influenced by availability of resources and abiotic conditions.

Question 35

Exponential

Answer 35

A growth curve with no environmental resistance, seemingly unlimited growth.

Question 36

Logistic

Answer 36

A growth curve with environmental resistance, grows at the beginning and then stabilizes at a carrying capacity.

Question 37

Carrying Capacity (k)

Answer 37

The maximum number of individuals an environment will support.

Question 38

Minimum Viable Population

Answer 38

The smallest number of individuals necessary to ensure survival of a population.