Unit 3 Populations 🤼

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

a group of organisms of the same species that inhabit a defined geographic area at the same time

Question 2

Dispersion

Answer 2

how individuals of a population are spaces within a region

Question 3

Age structure

Answer 3

pyramids that are used to predict population trends

Question 4

Range of Tolerance

Answer 4

requirements for successful growth, development and reproduction

Question 5

Limiting Factors

Answer 5

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

Question 6

Population Density

Answer 6

number of individuals of a population that inhabit a certain area
ex) number of squirrels in a forest

Question 7

Density-dependent factors

Answer 7

limiting factors that are purely a result of the size of the population
ex) predation, competition for food and living space, disease

Question 8

Density independent Factors

Answer 8

limiting factors that operate independently of population size
ex) fires, storms, earthquakes

Question 9

Exponential Growth

Answer 9

J-curve unrestricted growth

Question 10

Logistic Growth

Answer 10

s-curve model for what exists in natural settings

Question 11

Biotic potential

Answer 11

how much a pop would grow if there were unlimited resources

Question 12

Environmental resistance

Answer 12

conditions that slow a populations growth

Question 13

Carrying capacity

Answer 13

maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources in a region

Question 14

r-selected species

Answer 14

reproduce early in life
high capacity for reproduction
little or no care is given to the offspring

Question 15

k-seleteced species

Answer 15

reproduce later in life
produce fewer offspring
devote time to raising offspring

Question 16

survivorship curve

Answer 16

Type I- (k-selected) majority of offspring lives for a long time, but will eventually die off
Type II- offspring has a 50-50 chance of surviving to old age
Type III- (r-selected) most offspring die young, but if they live to a certain age, they will live a long life

Question 17

Cultural Carrying capacity

Answer 17

the ability of a human population to thrive and create a culture in meager circumstances

Question 18

crude birth rate

Answer 18

indicates the number of births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear

Question 19

Crude death rate

Answer 19

indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear

Question 20

Population change (equation)

Answer 20

((birth rate+immigration)-(death rate+emigration))/1,000

Question 21

Replacement-level fertility

Answer 21

number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves in a population

Question 22

Total Fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 22

number of children a woman in a given population will bear in her life
based on analysis of data from previous years
assume conditions of the past and the future

Question 23

Doubling time (equation)

Answer 23

70% / growth rate of a population

Question 24

Migration

Answer 24

the seasonal movement of animals from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions, or reproductive needs

Question 25

Immigration

Answer 25

movement of people into a population

Question 26

Emigration

Answer 26

movement of people out of a population

Question 27

Demographic transition

Answer 27

the trend of declining birth and death rates, resulting in a substantive change in the age distribution of a population
Stage 1: Pre-industrial
slow growth rate, high birth and death rates
harsh living conditions
Stage 2: Transitional
high birthrate b/c of culture and lack of women’s education, but the death rate is lower due to better food, water, and healthcare
rapid population growth
Stage 3: Industrial
population growth Is fairly high, but the birth rate drops closer to the death rate
Stage 4: Postindustrial
population approaches and reaches or goes below zero growth rate

Question 28

ecological footprint

Answer 28

environmental impact of a population