Unit 3 Periodic Table Flashcards
A table showing the chemical elements arranged according to their atomic numbers
Periodic Table of Elements
The number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element
Atomic Number
The average mass of protons and neutrons in an element
Atomic Mass
The columns on a periodic table that arranges the elements by the number of electrons that are in the outside shell
Groups
The rows in a periodic table that classifies the elements by the number of atomic shells
Periods
The physical and chemical characteristics of a substance or element
Property
Most elements are metals, typically solid, shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
Metals
Elements typically not shiny, usually a gas or brittle solid, not malleable, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity
Non-metals
Elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals; sometimes referred to as semiconductors
Metalloids
Un-reactive non-metals in Group 18 of the Periodic Table
Noble Gases
A specific area where electrons of the same energy level are found
Electron Shell
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
Element
The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element containing a nucleus within an electron cloud
Atom
A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom and contributes to the mass of the atom
Proton
A negatively charged subatomic particle of the electron cloud; involved in the formation of chemical bonds
Electron
The tiny, very dense, positively charged region in the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons
Neutron
Thevery dense region consisting ofprotonsandneutronsat the center of an atom
Nucleus
A one- or two-letter notation used to represent an atom of a particular element
Atomic Symbol
Amu stands for atomic mass unitand is used to indicatemasson an atomic or molecular scale
Amu unit
The number of electronswith which a given atomgenerally bondsor number of bonds an atomforms
Valence Electrons
A grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
Electron Shells
Therateat which achemical substancetends to undergo achemical reaction
Reactivity
A series of metallic elements, included in the rare-earth metals listed in in Group 3 of the Periodic Table
Lanthanide series
The series includes the 15 metallic elements in Group 3 with atomic numbers 89-103. They are all radioactive and release energy when they decay. Some are synthetic, only formed in science labs.
Actinide series
Elements in Periodic Table groups 1 (except hydrogen) and 2 and groups 13 to 18
Group A: Main Group Elements
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12; the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
Group B: Transition Elements
Metals found in Group 2 of the Periodic Table; all alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
Alkaline Metals
Metals found in Group 1 of thePeriodic Table; compared to other metals they are soft and have low melting points and densities
Alkali Metals
What do aluminum, silicon and phosphorous have in common?
All have the same amount of energy levels
Nam three trends from left to right on the periodic table.
Increasing atomic number, increasing valence electrons, decreasing metallic properties
Which particle determines reactivity?
Valence electrons
Name two trends on the periodic table from top to bottom.
Increasing energy levels, increasing atomic number
Which group is made of non-reactive elements?
Group 18, Group 8a, or Noble Gases
Which Group is made of the most reactive metals?
Group 1 alkaline metals
Elements with the most similar chemical properties are located in the same
Group or column
In an atomic model how many electrons fit in the first three energy levels?
2-8-8
A non reactive element has how many valence electrons in its outer shell?
It is full.
The most reactive elements have how many valence electrons?
One or two, or need only one or two to complete its valence shell.
