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Business > UNIT 3 - PEOPLE > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - PEOPLE Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What are human resources?

A

The people who are employed to work by the business or organization.

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3
Q

Why is human resource management important?

A

Source of a competitive advantage.

People are an essential part of services.

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4
Q

What are the key tools of human resources?

A

Workforce planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, rewarding and motivating staff, communication, roles and responsibilities.

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5
Q

What does organizational structure mean?

A

The internal links between managers and employees showing lines of authority.

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6
Q

What does levels of hierarchy mean?

A

The number of different levels of management and responsibility in a structure.

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7
Q

What does span of control mean?

A

The number of employees a manager is responsible for.

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8
Q

What does chain of communications mean?

A

The order in which messages command through.

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9
Q

What does subordinates mean?

A

Employees who are below you in the hierarchy.

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10
Q

What does delegation mean?

A

A manager giving authority to a subordinate to make decisions or perform a role that the manager is responsible for.

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11
Q

What are the benefits of having an organizational structure?

A

Makes it clear who is responsible for which department and which workers because of spans of control.

Workers know who to communicate with and take instruction from because of the chain of command. Work is delegated efficiently through the levels of hierarchy.

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12
Q

What is a tall structure?

A

An organizational structure where there are more levels of hierarchy. The span of control is narrow as there are fewer employees per manager. The chain of communication is longer.

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13
Q

What is a flat structure?

A

An organizational structure with fewer layers of workers and managers. There is a wide span of control and there are smaller chains of communication.

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a tall structure?

A

Managers have lots of control because they are not responsible for many employees, which means they are able to micro manage their staff and get jobs done more quickly. Also because of the layers there are more promotion opportunities.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of a tall structure?

A

The chain of command will be longer so messages take longer to reach top to bottom, leading to slower decision making. More layers might mean more wages.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of a flat structure?

A

Narrow spans of control as just a few layers of management. Less chains of commands so faster decision making.

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of a flat structure?

A

Managers have less control because they are responsible for many employees, so managers must trust them to get on with work. There are fewer promotion opportunities for staff.

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18
Q

Why do businesses need organizational structures?

A

As a business grows, it will need a formal organizational structure to ensure that it runs as efficiently as possible.

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19
Q

What is an organizational chart?

A

The simplest way to show how a business is organized; it shows the management hierarchy in a business and works from bottom to top.

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20
Q

What is communication?

A

The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver.

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21
Q

What is internal communication?

A

Communication that takes place within the business.

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22
Q

What is one way communication?

A

When instructions or orders are given and no reply is expected.

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23
Q

What is two-way communication?

A

Takes place when a person receiving the message is expected to respond.

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24
Q

What are the types of written communication?

A

Emails, memos, letters, reports, texts.

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25
Q

What is verbal communication?

A

Face to face communication such as phone calls, meetings, and presentations.

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26
Q

What is digital technology?

A

Where businesses use computer-based tools, systems, devices, and resources to generate, store, or process data.

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27
Q

What is digital communication?

A

Is part of digital technology. It is widespread use throughout the world, through the use of devices such as phones.

28
Q

What are the advantages of digital communication?

A

Data and messages can be stored electronically. Cheap to operate and widely used which saves the cost of storage.

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of digital communication?

A

Communication overload leading to delays and failures. Equipment may not work and may be unreliable.

30
Q

What is needed for effective communication?

A

The message sent must be clear. The message needs to be sent the correct way. The receiver needs to understand and when appropriate act upon the message and possibly feedback.

31
Q

What are the barriers to effective communication?

A

The type of language, too much noise, too much information, emotions.

32
Q

What is recruitment and selection?

A

The process of identifying the need for a job, defining the requirements of the position and the job holder, advertising the position, and choosing the most appropriate person to fill the job.

33
Q

What is the first step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Job analysis - once the human resources department is informed that a vacancy exists, they will interview the person who will be the line manager of the new recruit to find out what is required.

34
Q

What is the second step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Job description - What the new employee will be doing in the job; it includes salary, location, and holidays.

35
Q

What is the third step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Person specification - the personal qualities of the new recruit.

36
Q

What is the fourth step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Job advertisement - The advertisement will include details such as details about the company, duties and tasks, hours of work, and salary.

37
Q

What is the fifth step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Applying for a job - when a vacancy arises, the business will request an applicant to send in their CV with a covering letter.

38
Q

What is internal recruitment?

A

When a business fills a job vacancy with an existing employee of the business.

39
Q

What is external recruitment?

A

The process by which a business will search for new candidates for a job vacancy from outside of the business.

40
Q

What are the pros and cons of internal recruitment?

A

Promotion opportunities which could motivate them and it helps with staff retention as staff may not feel a need to leave the business if it can offer them opportunities.

Less choice as there is with external recruitment and if an existing member of staff is recruited for the job, it will create a vacancy somewhere else in the business.

41
Q

What are the pros and cons of external recruitment?

A

The business may currently have a skills gap and it injects new blood and ideas into the business.

It may reduce a possible promotion opportunity for a current employee and staff recruited from the outside might not be as good as they expected.

42
Q

Where can the job vacancy be advertised?

A

Company website/social media, local newspaper, job centers, word of mouth.

43
Q

What is the sixth step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Short list from applications - the business will look through all the applications and decide which people to take to the next stage; they will go to an interview.

44
Q

What is the seventh step of the recruitment process?

A

Methods of selection: tests and presentations, group activities, interviews.

45
Q

What is the eighth step of the recruitment and selection process?

A

Offering the job and references - once the selection process is complete, the job will be offered to the successful candidate after references have been looked at.

46
Q

What is the last step of the recruitment process?

A

Contract of employment - it is a legal requirement.

47
Q

What are the advantages of having a good selection process?

A

Increase in output and activity, different ideas, improvements in quality and customer service, increase in staff retention.

48
Q

What is motivation?

A

The commitment to do something.

49
Q

What are the advantages of having a motivated workforce?

A

Increased productivity levels, low levels of absenteeism, high levels of staff retention, good reputation so easier to recruit.

50
Q

What is retention?

A

When employees stay with a firm for a long period of time.

51
Q

What are the advantages of employee retention?

A

Lower recruitment, selection, and training costs. Retained staff become more familiar with the business. Staff morale and motivation is likely to be higher as few staff are leaving.

52
Q

What are the two methods of motivation?

A

Financial and non-financial.

53
Q

What are the financial methods of motivation?

A

Pay - amount paid by the employer to the employee, fringe benefits - extra benefits such as a car, profit sharing - employees receive a proportion of profits, bonuses - extra payments to staff above pay.

54
Q

What are the two different types of pay?

A

Salary - a fixed amount is paid by the employer to the employee on a regular basis, wage - workers are paid either weekly or monthly by the hour according to the time worked.

55
Q

What are examples of non-financial methods of motivation?

A

Praise - employee effort doesn’t go unnoticed, working environment - if it is a pleasant working environment, job enlargement - take place through job rotation, job enrichment - giving workers greater responsibility.

56
Q

What is training?

A

The process of increasing the knowledge and skills of the workforce to enable them to perform their jobs effectively.

57
Q

What are the different types of training?

A

Induction - training that an employee receives when they first join the business, off the job training - when employees are taken away from their usual place of work to be trained, on the job training - when employees receive training whilst remaining in the workplace.

58
Q

What are the advantages of induction training?

A

Enables a recruit to become productive as quickly as possible and can avoid costly mistakes.

An example is meeting new colleagues.

59
Q

What are the pros and cons of off the job training?

A

Can learn from outside experts and employees can be more confident in their work.

Expensive and lost working time and potential output from employee.

60
Q

What are the pros and cons of on the job training?

A

Cost effective and gaining first hand experience.

Bad habits might be passed on and potential disruption to production and quality standards.

61
Q

What are the advantages of training?

A

Higher quality work, more motivation, increased productivity.

62
Q

What is staff development?

A

Where employees gain qualifications over time.

63
Q

What is legislation?

A

Where the government makes laws in order to control business actions in order to protect the needs of stakeholders.

64
Q

What is the employment law?

A

Provides rights for employees to be protected in the workplace.

65
Q

What is the national living wage?

A

All employees must be paid at least the national minimum wage.

66
Q

What is the legal minimum requirement for time for holiday?

A

5.6 weeks if you are full time.

67
Q

What are the working hours rules?

A

The limit on the number of hours an adult can work is 48 hours.

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