Unit 3: Metabolism Keyterms

Question 1

Enzyme + EX
Use: globular, catalyst

Catalyst

Answer 1

Enzyme:
are globular proteins that act as a catalysts EX: amylase

Catalyst
substances that increase the rate of reaction without permanently changing themselves

Question 2

Metabolism

Substrate

Answer 2

Metabolism:
- a complex network of interdependent and interacting enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in living things
Note: metabolism can be anabolic or catabolic

Substrate:
A molecule that the enzyme reacts with

Question 3

Anabolism + EX

Catabolism + EX

Answer 3

Anabolism:
Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules that requires energy EX: protein synthesis

Catabolism:
Breakdown of the complex into simpler molecules and outputs energy EX: hydrolysis of macromolecules

Question 4

Active Site

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 4

Active site:
region of enzyme where the substrate binds and is catalyzed

Enzyme-substrate complex:
the temporary molecule formed when the substrate binds to the enzyme

Question 5

Activation Energy

Induced Fit model

Answer 5

Activation Energy:
amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

Induced Fit Model:
a model proposing that enzyme-substrate complexes causes a change in enzyme shape to enhance of inhibit activity

Question 6

Enzyme-substrate specificity

Endotherms

Answer 6

Enzyme-substrate specificity:
Ability of the substrate to bind to the specific enzymes

Endotherms:
animals that maintain a constant body temperature which is independent of ambient temperature

Question 7

Intracellular Enzyme

Extracellular enzyme

Answer 7

Intracellular Enzyme:
enzymes which are active in the cell
EX: Processes like glycolysis or krebs cycle

Extracellular Enzyme:
enzymes which are active outside the cell EX: Processes like digestion

Question 8

Enzyme inhibitors

Competitive Inhibitors + EX

Answer 8

Enzyme Inhibitors:
chemicals that can bind to the enzyme to stop or slow down the activity of the enzyme

Competitive Inhibitors:
are chemicals that inhibit the enzyme by binding to the active site EX: Arsenic

Question 9

Non-competitive inhibitors + EX

Allosteric site

Answer 9

Non-competitive inhibitors:
are chemicals that inhibit the enzyme by binding to the allosteric site EX: Cyanide

Allosteric site:
a site where a chemical can bind that Is not the active site

Question 10

Mechanism based inhibition

End product inhibition

Answer 10

Mechanism based inhibition:
are competitive inhibitors that permanently bind and covalently bond to the active site

End product inhibition:
The last product of a biochemical path way I s a non competitive inhibitor of the first allosteric enzyme