unit 3 memory psych Flashcards
Flashbulb Memory
memory in which people remember events in great detail
Recognition
a memory task that involves identifying objects that have been encountered before
Encoding
the process of filling information into your memory, in other words (Translation of information into a form to be stored and recovered)
Automatic processing
unconscious encoding of information that occurs without interfering or thinking about other thing
Sensory memory
the first stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model, that includes ionic and echoic memories that only lasts few seconds unless you pay attention
Short-Term memory
the second stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model, information that stays for 7 seconds unless rehearsed
Long-Term memory
the thirds stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Model, information is transed there when rehearsed. Infor can stay there forever
Serial position effect
the tendency for people to remember best the words form the first and last part of a list, while most likely forgetting the words in the middle
Spacing effect
to distribute learning or practice over multiple days your retention will increase
Mood congruent theory
you’re more likely to form memories that mirror your emotional state
Episodic memory
a memory from our own personal life
Explicit memory
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know
Context dependent memory
when memories are easier to recollect in a particular setting/experience
Procedural memory
is a form of long-term memory that enables people to learn and execute tasks
Proactive interference
occurs when old information or knowledge interferes with the learning of new information
Semantic memory
the long-term representation and processing of the concepts underlying objects, actions, abstract words(Semantic memory is memory encoded based on meaning)
Source amnesia
the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge.
Retrograde amnesia
when you can’t recall memories from the past
Maintenance rehearsal
the straight repeating of information to memorize it.
Elaborative rehearsal
a type of memory rehearsal that is useful in transferring information into long-term memory
Pegword
a memory aid that involves linking words with numbers
Prospective memory
It is memory for future events
After looking up a phone number, Jim calls it, then forgets. The number was stored in his
short term memory
Method of loci
which uses visualizations of familiar spatial environments in order to enhance the recall of information
Remembering how to roller skate involves which of the following kinds of memory
procedural
Frank asked Mary what she had for dinner last night. Mary quickly replied: “Pizza”. Mary likely remembers the fact that she had pizza to do ________ memory processing
automatic
The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to
encoding failure
The capacity of working memory, according to Miller’s magic number is quantified as
(7 ± 2 chunks)
After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam’s memory difficulty most clearly illustrates
anterograde amnesia
The first thing Karen did when she discovered that she had misplaced her keys was to re-create in her mind the day’s events. That she had little difficulty in doing so illustrates:
Automatic processing.
Textbook chapters are often organized into ________ in order to facilitate information processing.
hierarchies
Which of the following is not a measure of retention?
relearning
Complete this analogy: Fill-in-the-blank test questions are to multiple-choice questions as:
recall is to recognition.
Which of the following measures of retention is least likely to trigger retrieval?
recall
Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom’s experience showed the role of:
context effects.
