Unit 3 - MC Flashcards
Complete obstruction of an airway leads to what type of aterlectasis? A. Compression B. Contraction C. Resorption D. Atretic
Resorption
A congenital defect in which a part of a lung does not connect to the tree, and is anatomically separate from the rest of the lung, inhabiting its own pleural sac. A. Intralobar sequestration B. Extralobar sequestration C. Pulmonary fistula D. Contraction atelectasis
Extralobar sequestration
Select the true statement regarding compression atelectasis.
A. Mediastinum shifts toward the affected lung
B. Pneumothorax is an example
C. Is associated with fibrotic changes in the lung
D. It is not reversible
Pneumothorax is an example
Which is consistent with a microvascular cause of pulmonary edema?
A. Pulmonary pressure is markedly elevated
B. Is most likely caused by left heart failure
C. Is associated with volume overload (blood volume)
D. Is most likely caused by pneumonia
Is most likely caused by pneumonia
“Hyaline membranes” are most associated with... A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome B. Intralobar sequestration C. Contraction atelectasis D. Acute interstitial pneumonia
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
A man worked in a shipyard for 20 years. He complained of progressive dyspnea. Chest x-ray revealed a mass ensheathing the left lung. Within the lung parenchyma adjacent to the mass many golden brown beaded rods and fusiform bodies are seen. Which of the following is a possible chest x-ray finding? A. Left upper lobe cavity lesion B. Left calcified pleural plaques C. Left lower lobe bronchial dilation D. Left lower lobe consolidation
Left calcified pleural plaques
Select the feature common to obstructive diseases. A. Increased resistance to air flow B. Increased total lung capacity C. Increased residual volume D. All of the above
All of the above
On routine chest x-ray for a 45-year-old man, revealed a 3cm well circumscribed opaque peripheral mass. A wedge resection of the lobe was done. The gross description of the pathologist was a well-circumscribed mass having a grey-ish white gelatinous glistening lobulated cut surface with few clefts. Histology revealed nodules of connective tissue intersected by epithelial clefts. What is your diagnosis? A. Adenocarcinoma B. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Hamartoma
Hamartoma
Select the feature NOT seen on x-ray with emphysema. A. Low set diaphragm B. Vertical heart C. Increased A-P diameter of the chest D. Increased vascular markings
Increased vascular markings
A 45-year-old man had persisten cough with hemoptysis for 2 weeks. He was feverish. Chest x-ray revealed an area of consolidation in the right upper lobe. After antibiotic therapy, his fever improved but the cough and hemoptysis did not improve. Repeated chest x-ray revealed right upper lobe collapse. Bronchoscopic examination revealed an obstructing spherical polypoid mass arising from the main bronchus. Which of the following tumor is most likely the diagnosis? A. Carcinoid tumor B. Large cell carcinoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Hamartoma
Carcinoid tumor
Select the feature found in chronic bronchitis. A. Referred to as “blue bloater” B. Infections are rare C. Hyperinflation of the chest D. Older and thin
Referred to as “blue bloater”
The hallmark of this disease is airway hyper-responsiveness to stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction. A. Chronic bronchitis B. Asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Bronchiolitis
Asthma
The genetic predisposition to make IgE antibodies describes this category of asthma the best. A. Drug-induced B. Occupational C. Atopic D. Non-atopic
Atopic
A 44-year-old woman, non-smoker, has had a fever and cough for the past 4 days. She does not have hemoptysis. She has not experienced weight loss, malaise, nausea, or vomiting. On physical examination, her temperature is 37.6* C. There are decreased breath sounds over the right upper lung. A chest x-ray reveals a 6cm area of infiltrates in the right upper lobe. She is given a course of antibiotics therapy, but her cough persists. A month later her chest x-ray now reveals a 3cm peripheral mass in the right upper lobe. Which of the following neoplasms is most likely to be present in this woman? A. Squamous cell carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Mesothelioma D. Carcinoid tumor
Adenocarcinoma
Common triggers to non-atopic asthma include…
A. Viral upper respiratory infection (e.g. rhinovirus)
B. Allergens like pollen or animal dander
C. Pharmacologic agents
D. Chemicals like formaldehyde or epoxy resins
Viral upper respiratory infection (e.g. rhinovirus)
Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic necrotizing infections best describes... A. Chronic bronchitis B. Asthma C. Bronchiectasis D. Bronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Sputum sample may contain Curschmann’s spirals and Charcot-Leyden crystals in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Severe asthma B. Chronic bronchitis C. Pneumoconiosis D. Histoplasmosis
Severe Asthma
A 55-year-old man had gradual increasing dyspnea. He is a heavy smoker. He had a barrel-shaped chest. Hed had pursed lips while breathing. His chest x-ray revealed bilateral hyperinflation of lungs more in the upper lobes. Which of the following points contributes to the pathogenesis of his lung disease?
A. Release of elastase from the neutrophils
B. Ipaired production of a1-antitrypsin
C. Decreased ciliary motility
D. Recruitement of eosinophil in bronchial mucosa
Impaired production of a1-antitrypsin
Several heart and lung diseases can lead to finger “clubbing”, particularly in this pulmonary disease. A. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis B. COPD C. Asthma D. Pneumothorax
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Which of the following is a pneumoconiosis condition? A. Farmer’s lung B. Bird breeder’s lung C. Coal worker’s lung D. Hot tub lung
Coal worker’s lung
A person who works at a foundry, or mines hard rocks, or sandblasts would more likely develop which of these? A. Silicosis B. Coal worker’s lung C. Asbestosis D. Sarcoidosis
Silicosis
A systemic disease that may affect the lungs is characterized by non-caseating granulomas. Bilateral hilar adenopathy is common (bat-wing) on x-ray. A. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis B. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis C. Sarcoidosis D. Asbestosis
Sarcoidosis
Asbestosis is associated with which pulmonary tumor? A. Adocarcinoma B. Small cell carcinoma C. Large cell carcinoma D. Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma
A majority (95%) of pulmonary emboli originate from a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Deep vein thrombosis B. In situ granuloma C. Pulmonary aneurysm D. Arterial embolism
Deep vein thrombosis
Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis include... A. Atherosclerosis B. Immobilization C. Exercise D. Hyperthyroidism
Immobilization
How does COPD, or interstitial lung disease, progress to pulmonary hypertension?
A. Destruction of lung tissue reduces capillary numbers, therefore increasing pulmonary artery resistance
B. Leads to production of prostaglandins and pulmonary vasospasm
C. Decreases a1-antitrypsin activity, leading to inflammation
D. It is idiopathic
Destruction of lung tissue reduces capillary numbers, therefore increasing pulmonary artery resistance
A 40-year-old woman had suffered from multiple attacks of necotizing pneumonia. She now has a productive cough of a large amount of purulent sputum. The chest x-ray suggested dilation of right lower lobe bronchi. Which of the following mechanisms is the cause of bronchial dilation?
A. Unopposed action of neutrophil-derived elastase
B. Congenital weakness of supporting structures of bronchial wall
C. Destruction of bronchial mucosa
Destruction of bronchial mucosa
A patient presents with hemoptysis, and is positive for autoantibodies against type IV collagen. Which disorder would fit this description? A. Goodpasture syndrome B. Wegnener granulomatosis C. Miliary tuberculosis D. Aspiration pneumonia
Goodpasture syndrome
The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is... A. Haemophilus influenza B. Legionella pneumonia C. Klebsiella pneumonia D. Streptococcus pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumonia
What type of patient would most likely suffer aspiration pneumonia?
A. A 65-year-old transplant patient on immunosuppressant drugs
B. A 70-year-old who recently had a brainstem stroke and has trouble swallowing
C. A child exposed to mycoplasma pneumonia at school
D. A patient that had a catheter when they were in the hospital
A 70-year-old who recently had a brainstem stroke and has trouble swallowing
A 60-year-old man, heavy smoker had a persisten cough for the past 6 months. Chest x-ray revealed a lung lesion near the right hilum. His laboratory findings were normal, except for evidence of hypercalcemia. Bronchoscopy revealed a right bronchial mass obliterating its lumen. What is the possible diagnosis? A. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma B. Adenocarcinoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Hamartoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Chronic pneumonia caused by mycobacteria... A. Tuberculosis B. Hisoplasmosis C. Pulmonary abcess D. Cysticerosis
Tuberculosis
A homeless person was admitted to the hospital with chronic productive cough, night sweats, and pain during breathing. A chest x-ray was taken and it showed a singular small Ghon complex. This patient was diagnosed to have: A. Coccidiodomycosis B. Tuberculosis C. Blastomycosis D. Histoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
This form of lung cancer is almost always metastatic incurable by surgery but responds initially to radiation. A. Adenocarcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Mesothelioma D. Small cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Non-smokers are most likely to get this kind of lung cancer. A. Adenocarcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Large cell carcinoma D. Small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
The lung carcinoma most associated with ectopic hormone production... A. Adenocarcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Mesothelioma D. Small cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
In the TNM system for lung cancer staging, what does the “T” stand for? A. Tumor size/local invasion B. Tumor metastasis C. Tumor in lymph nodes D. Tumor curable by surgery
Tumor size/local invasion
A patient with with lung cancer developes a droopy eyelid, a constricted pupil, and does not sweat on one side. This is termed... A. Goodpasture syndrome B. Cushing’s syndrome C. Horner’s syndrome D. Sarcoidosis
Horner’s syndrome
A young child presents with sudden onset of fever and malaise, cough with purulent sputum or blood. Examination of the sputum showed neutrophils with G+ lancet shaped diplococci. Which bacterium could cause these symptoms? A. Haemophilus influenza B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Legonella pneumophila
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A patient working in sandblasting business for 20 years complained of a cough and increasing syspnea with no ever or sputum production. Which of the following cells are responsible for the pathogenesis of his disease? A. Eosinophils B. Mast cells C. Macrophages D. Neutrophils
Macrophages
