Unit 3 Macro-molecules RO

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

a very large molecules important to biological processes

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

when it contains not only carbon, but also at least one other element.

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

a naturally occurring compound, or a derivative of such a compound, with the general chemical formula Cx(H2O)y, made up of molecules of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water.

Question 5

Fatty acids

Answer 5

carboxylic acids that are the structural components of many lipids.

Question 6

Protein

Answer 6

consists of a polypeptide backbone with attached side chains.

Question 7

Amino acids

Answer 7

an organic compound containing an amino functional group (-NH2) and a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH).

Question 8

Enzymes

Answer 8

proteins that act upon substrate molecules and decrease the activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilizing the transition state.

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, or lowers the temperature or pressure needed to start one, without itself being consumed during the reaction.

Question 10

Nucleic acids

Answer 10

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 11

Nucleotide

Answer 11

A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Question 12

Hormone

Answer 12

chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Question 13

Steroids

Answer 13

Any of a group of lipids (fats) that have a certain chemical structure.

Question 14

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 14

a type of chemical reaction that involves the combining of reacting molecules to make a large molecule, following the loss of water.

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.