Unit 3 List 3 Cell Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Autotroph

A

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

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2
Q

Light Dependent Reactions

A

convert light energy into chemical energy.

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3
Q

Chlorophyll

A

the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color

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4
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

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5
Q

Calvin cycle

A

a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.

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6
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP

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7
Q

NADPH

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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8
Q

Pigment

A

a substance that gives color to other materials.

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9
Q

Granum

A
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10
Q

Stomata

A

a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere.

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11
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

the process by which inorganic carbon is added to an organic molecule.

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12
Q

Heterotrophs

A

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

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13
Q

Thylakoids

A

tiny compartments found inside of chloroplasts

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14
Q

Carotenoids

A

tetraterpene pigments, which exhibit yellow, orange, red and purple colors.

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15
Q

Stroma

A

The cells and tissues that support and give structure to organs, glands, or other tissues in the body.

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16
Q

Mitochondrial matrix

A

the site of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle,

17
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

18
Q

Fermentation

A

chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically.

19
Q

NAD+

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

20
Q

Alcoholic fermentation

A

a biotechnological process accomplished by yeast, some kinds of bacteria, or a few other microorganisms to convert sugars into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

21
Q

Glycolysis

A

a set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate

22
Q

NADH

A

a coenzyme found in all living cells

23
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration.

24
Q

Cellular respiration

A

a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

25
Q

Krebs cycle

A

a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.

26
Q

Pyruvic acid

A

an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

27
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

serves as the mitochondrial hub for the final steps in carbon skeleton oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.