Unit 3 list 2 DNA and hereditary Flashcards
Allele
2 or more genes that arise by mutation
Centromere
The region of a chromosome
Chromatid
One of two identical halves of a chromosome
Chromosome
Thread like structure of nucleic acids and proteins
Crossing over
Exchange between DNA of homologous chromosomes
Codon
DNA or RNA sequence of 3 nucleotides
Daughter cell
The cells that are formed after cell division
Deletion
Type of mutation that involves the loss of 1 or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA
DNA
Self replacing material that is present in almost all living organisms
Diploid
Two complete sets of chromosomes in a organisms cells
Gamete
A reproductive cell of an animal or plant
Gene
basic unit of hereditary
Independent assortment
How different genes separate from each other when reproductive cells develop
Fertilization
The union of two gametes
Frameshift
A mutation in a gene refers to the deletion of a nucleotide
Genetic code
A set of rules used by living cells to translate information
Gene mutation
A change in one or more genes
Genetic variation
The differences in DNA among individuals
Homologous
One maternal and one parental chromosome that pair up together
Insertion
A mutation that involves a addition of one or more nucleotide
Haploid
A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in the four daughter cells
Meiosis I
Cell division in sexually reproducing organisms
Meiosis II
The chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells
