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DNA and hereditary unit 3 list 2 > Unit 3 list 2 DNA and hereditary > Flashcards

Unit 3 list 2 DNA and hereditary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Allele

A

2 or more genes that arise by mutation

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2
Q

Centromere

A

The region of a chromosome

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3
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two identical halves of a chromosome

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

Thread like structure of nucleic acids and proteins

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5
Q

Crossing over

A

Exchange between DNA of homologous chromosomes

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5
Q

Codon

A

DNA or RNA sequence of 3 nucleotides

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6
Q

Daughter cell

A

The cells that are formed after cell division

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6
Q

Deletion

A

Type of mutation that involves the loss of 1 or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

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7
Q

DNA

A

Self replacing material that is present in almost all living organisms

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8
Q

Diploid

A

Two complete sets of chromosomes in a organisms cells

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9
Q

Gamete

A

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

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9
Q

Gene

A

basic unit of hereditary

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9
Q

Independent assortment

A

How different genes separate from each other when reproductive cells develop

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9
Q

Fertilization

A

The union of two gametes

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10
Q

Frameshift

A

A mutation in a gene refers to the deletion of a nucleotide

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11
Q

Genetic code

A

A set of rules used by living cells to translate information

11
Q

Gene mutation

A

A change in one or more genes

11
Q

Genetic variation

A

The differences in DNA among individuals

11
Q

Homologous

A

One maternal and one parental chromosome that pair up together

12
Q

Insertion

A

A mutation that involves a addition of one or more nucleotide

12
Q

Haploid

A

A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

13
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that results in the four daughter cells

14
Q

Meiosis I

A

Cell division in sexually reproducing organisms

14
Q

Meiosis II

A

The chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells

15
Q

Monosomy

A

The condition from where only one chromosome of a pair is present

16
Q

Mutagen

A

Anything that causes mutation

17
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in a DNA sequence of a cell

18
Q

Nondisjunction

A

homogenos chromosomes who have failed to seperate

18
Q

Offspring

A

The young creation of living organisms

19
Q

Parent cell

A

A cell that is the source of other cells

20
Q

Point mutation

A

When single bases is added deleted or changed

21
Q

Replication

A

Action of copying or reproducing something

22
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Combination of genetic information from two different sexes

23
Q

Somatic cell

A

Cells in body other than egg and sperm cells

24
Q

Substitution

A

When on nucleotide is replaced by another

25
Q

Trisomy

A

Chromosomal condition

26
Q

Trait

A

A characteristic belonging to a person

DNA and hereditary unit 3 list 2 (2 decks)

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