Unit 3 List 2 Cell Organelles and structures Flashcards
Cell membrane
a vital structure found in all cells that separates the cell’s interior from its external environment
Cell wall
a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane, providing support, shape, and protection, and acting as a selective barrier
Chloroplast
a specialized organelle found in plant and algal cells, responsible for photosynthesis, the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy for growth.
Cilia
a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid,
Cytoplasm
gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
Cyoskeleton
a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
Golgi Skeleton
a cell organelle responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids
Lysosome
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Mitochondria
the “powerhouses of the cell,” because they generate most of the cell’s energy in the form of ATP through aerobic respiration
Nucleolus
It is composed of RNA and proteins and is involved in ribosome biogenesis.
Nucleus
the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Ribosome
essential cellular structures, acting as protein synthesis “factories” by translating genetic information from mRNA into proteins
Smooth ER
synthesizing lipids (like cholesterol and phospholipids), steroid hormones, and carbohydrates
Rough ER
protein synthesis, folding, and quality control, packaging proteins for transport to the Golgi apparatus or other destinations within the cell.
Vacuole
storage, waste disposal, and maintaining cell structure,
Centrioles
organizing microtubules and forming the centrosome, a key structure for cell division and cilia and flagella formation.
