Unit 3 List 2

Question 1

autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Dependent

Answer 2

use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

a common type of open-angle glaucoma which is relatively underdiagnosed.

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

the process by which inorganic carbon from the atmosphere is assimilated into living organisms and converted into organic compounds.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

Dogs, birds, fish, and humans

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 15

Stroma

Answer 15

The inner membrane surrounds a large space

Question 16

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 16

the inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane,

Question 17

Aerobic respiration

Answer 17

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 18

Fermentation

Answer 18

he process in which yeast acts on sugar and converts it into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 19

NAD+

Answer 19

affect blood pressure, reducing stiffness in the aortic artery, helping protect blood vessels and other conditions that take a toll on artery health

Question 20

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 20

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP.

Question 21

Glycolysis

Answer 21

in the cytoplasm

Question 22

NADH

Answer 22

a coenzyme found in all living cells;

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration.

Question 24

Krebs cycle

Answer 24

present in every cell that uses oxygen to produce energy.

Question 24

Cellular respiration

Answer 24

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 25

Pyruvic acid

Answer 25

C3H6O3

Question 26

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 26

serves as the mitochondrial hub for the final steps in carbon skeleton oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.